natural selection

Question 1

who came up with the book origin of species

Answer 1

charles darwin 1859
came up with the theory of natural selection as an explanation for evolution

Question 2

define variation

Answer 2

most population of organisms contain individuals which may slightly vary from each other and some variations better equip some organisms to adapt to their environment than others

Question 3

define over production

Answer 3

most organisms produce more young than will survive to adulthood

Question 4

define struggle for existence/competition

Answer 4

considerable competition for resources between organisms

Question 5

define survival of the fittest

Answer 5

only the organisms which are really well adapted to their environment will survive

Question 6

define advantageous characteristics passed on to offspring

Answer 6

only these well adapted organisms will be able to reproduce successfully and will pass on their advantageous characteristics to their offspring

Question 7

define gradual change

Answer 7

in this way over a long period of time the population will lose all the poorly adapted individuals
the population will gradually become better adapted to its environment

Question 8

what does natural selection result in

Answer 8

results in the genes producing advantageous phenotypes being passed on to the next generation more frequently

Question 9

explain the example of the peppered moth

Answer 9

two forms: greyish white with dark markings
one is much darker
initially all were the same with the peppered type
increasing industrialisation during nineteenth century killed off many growing on tree trunks and also covered trunks with soot \
struggle for existence so form most suited to its environment will survive
in the country tree trunks relatively un polluted so peppered form is camouflaged while in the city trunks are covered in soot so dark form camouflaged
in country more peppered form survived to reproduce while in the city more of dark form survived to reproduce