human reproduction

Question 1

testis

Answer 1

two of these
oval shaped
found in the scrotum
contain many coiled seminiferous tubules which produce male gamete sperm

Question 2

scrotum or scrotal sac

Answer 2

sac which holds the testes outside of the body where it is the right temperature for sperm production

Question 3

sperm

Answer 3

male gamete containing genetic info form the father

Question 4

epididymis

Answer 4

two of these
long coiled tubules
sperm cells are temporarily stored here

Question 5

sperm duct or vas deferens

Answer 5

two of these muscular tubes
each connects epididymis to urethra
transport sperm to urethra

Question 6

sex glands

Answer 6

one prostate gland and two seminal vesicles
produce alkaline fluids which mix with sperm to form semen
keeping sperms alive and helping them to swim

Question 7

urethra

Answer 7

muscular tube leading from bladder to outside of the body transports semen out the body (transports sperm and urine but never at the same time )

Question 8

penis

Answer 8

head of penis (glans) is covered by a protective layer of skin called the foreskin
erectile tissue in the penis which contains many blood spaces
becomes filled with blood when the male becomes aroused causing the penis to become erect for sexual intercourse
penis ejects sperms process called ejaculation into the vagina during sexual intercourse

Question 9

ovary

Answer 9

two with one on each side of abdomen
produce female gamete ovum
produces female sex hormones oestrogen and progesterone
ova produced once a month from puberty onwards to menopause

Question 10

ovum

Answer 10

female gamete containing genetic info from the mother

Question 11

fallopian tube or oviducts

Answer 11

two of these muscular tubes
cells lining these tubes have cilia tiny hair like structures which waft ovum down from the oviduct from the ovary to the uterus
site of fertilisation

Question 12

uterus or womb

Answer 12

shaped like an inverted pear
outer wall myometrium is thick and muscular while inner lining endometrium is smooth
spongy and filled with many blood vessels
site for development of embryo into foetus during pregnancy
walls stretch to accommodate growing foetus during pregnancy and contracts during birth

Question 13

cervix

Answer 13

neck of womb
located at the base of the uterus
made up of rings of muscle which allows the cervix to widen or tighten widen during birth and tighten during pregnancy
produces watery mucus to help sperm swim through the system to get to the ovum

Question 14

vagina

Answer 14

hollow muscular canal
joins the uterus to outside of the body
sperm is deposited here during intercourse
stretches to allow baby to pass out during birth

Question 15

relate the structure of the sperms head to its function

Answer 15

head – large triangular contains large nucleus containing genetic info from father
little cytoplasm
contains acrosome which produces hydrolytic enzymes which digest a pathway through the outer layers of the ovum for sperm nucleus to enter

Question 16

relate the structure of the sperms middle piece to its function

Answer 16

contains many mitochondria which provide energy needed for sperm to swim

Question 17

relate structure of sperms tail or flagellum to its function

Answer 17

lashes back and forth propelling sperm forward allowing it to swim towards the ovum

Question 18

what is the size of the sperm

Answer 18

50 micrometres

Question 19

relate structure of ovum to its function

Answer 19

contains genetic info from the mother

Question 20

relate structure of cytoplasm to its function

Answer 20

site of many chemical reactions

Question 21

relate structure of cell membrane to function

Answer 21

controls what substances enter and leave the cell

Question 22

relate the structure of jelly coat to its function

Answer 22

protects cell
prevents cell from drying out
plays role in allowing only one sperm to enter ovum

Question 23

size of ovum

Answer 23

approx 0.12 millimetres