movement

Question 1

list the three types of movement

Answer 1

1. whole body movement – only seen in animals and some algae
2. part movements – seen in sedentary animals like sea anemones and in plants such as sundew
3. growth movements – seen in plants such as shoots growing towards light

Question 2

list 4 reasons why movement is important

Answer 2

to get away from danger or unsuitable conditions
to find food
to find mate
social interactions

Question 3

explain the movement in humans

Answer 3

brought about by interaction between muscle and bone
when muscles contract and relax tendons pull on bones bringing about movement

Question 4

define tendon

Answer 4

tissue which attaches muscle to bone

Question 5

where is the human skeleton found

Answer 5

inside the body and therefore called an endoskeleton

Question 6

list 2 parts the skeleton is divided into

Answer 6

axial skeleton
comprises skull vertebral column ribs sternum

appendicular skeleton
pectoral girdle pelvic girdle forelimbs hindlimbs

Question 7

what are the functions of the skeleton

Answer 7

protection of organs
movement
production of red and white blood cells

Question 8

how many vertebrae are there in the vertebral column of a human

Answer 8

33
number varies for different species of vertebrates

Question 9

list the vertebra

Answer 9

first vertebra: atlas (first cervical bone)
second: axis (second cervical bone)

7 cervical bones
12 thoracic bones
5 lumbar bones
sacrum
coccyx

Question 10

function of neural canal

Answer 10

protects spinal cord

Question 11

function of neural spine

Answer 11

protects dorsally muscle and ligament attachment

Question 12

function of transverse process

Answer 12

protects laterally, muscle and ligament attachment

Question 13

function of facet

Answer 13

articulates with facets of adjacent vertebrae and allow slight movement

Question 14

function of centrum

Answer 14

central rigid body of vertebra, discs of cartilage separate adjacent vertebrae

Question 15

function of vertebraterial canal

Answer 15

hole through which blood vessels run

Question 16

describe long bones

Answer 16

hard dense bones that provide strength structure and mobility
has a shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphysis) femur and humerus

some bones in fingers are classified as long bones due to shape of bones not their size

contain yellow bone marrow and red bone marrow which produce blood cells

Question 17

define joints

Answer 17

place where two bones meet

Question 18

what is the purpose of cartilage

Answer 18

layer of cartilage on ends of all bones help to reduce friction and act as a shock absorber at joints

Question 19

how are bones attached to each other

Answer 19

by ligaments

Question 20

list 3 types of joints

Answer 20

movable joints
immovable joints
partially movable joints

Question 21

explain movable joints

Answer 21

free movement at these joints
synovial joints which include ball and socket joints and hinge joints
ball and socket joints allow movement in all planes such as shoulder and hip
hinge joints allow movement in one plane such as elbow and knee

Question 22

explain immovable joints

Answer 22

also called sutures
bones are fused together at these joints
no movement at these joints
cranium pelvic girdle

Question 23

explain partially movable joints

Answer 23

allow some movement
include gliding joints and pivot joins
gliding joints bones slide over each other the wrist ankle
pivot joint: rotation around a single axis where a cylindrical bone rotates inside another bone between atlas and axis in neck

Question 24

explain movement of a limb

Answer 24

both forelimbs and hindlimbs have joints which allow for easy movement
movement is brought about by muscles attached to bones by tendons
antagonistic muscles can be found at these joints
flexor muscle bends joint while extensor muscle straightens joint
flexor muscle contracts extensor muscle relaxes and vice versa