GI 5 - Hernias + Stomach

Question 1

How does an direct inguinal hernia enter the inguinal canal?

Answer 1

Via Hesselbach’s triangle (weakened conjoint tendon)

Question 2

How does an indirect inguinal hernia enter the inguinal canal?

Answer 2

Via Deep inguinal ring

Question 3

What is the most common abdominal hernia?

Answer 3

Indirect inguinal hernia

Question 4

Is a male or female more likely to develop an indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 4

Male 7:1

Question 5

Why are women more likely to develop a femoral hernia?

Answer 5

Wider hips

Question 6

Name the 2 types of hiatal hernia’s:

Answer 6

1) Sliding

2) Rolling

Question 7

What is an incarcerated hernia?

Answer 7

Irreducible hernia, may lead to inflammation and strangulation

Question 8

What is a strangulated hernia?

Answer 8

Blood supply to herniated organ is disrupted = leads to tissue necrosis

Question 9

Which is more likely to become incarcerated: Inguinal or femoral hernia? Why?

Answer 9

Femoral hernia

- Femoral canal is a tighter entrance

Question 10

Name the borders of Hesselbach’s triangle:

Answer 10

Lateral: Inferior epigastric vessels
Medial: Lateral border of rectus sheath
Base: Inguinal ligament

Question 11

Name the branch of the aorta which supplies the stomach:

Answer 11

Coeliac trunk

Question 12

Name the 3 branches of the Coeliac trunk:

Answer 12

• Splenic artery
• Left gastric artery
• Common Hepatic artery

Question 13

At which vertebral level does the Coeliac trunk branch from the aorta?

Answer 13

T12

Question 14

Name the arteries which supply the lesser curve of the stomach:

Answer 14

• Left and Right Gastric arteries

Question 15

Name the arteries which supply the greater curve of the stomach:

Answer 15

• Left and Right Gastroepiploic arteries

Question 16

Name the arteries which supply the duodenum:

Answer 16

• Gastroduodenal artery

- Pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 17

Which branch of the coeliac trunk passes posterior to the stomach?

Answer 17

Splenic artery

Question 18

What are the main 4 functions of the stomach?

Answer 18

1) Food storage
2) Digestion
3) Defence
4) Motility

Question 19

What is ‘receptive relaxation’?

Answer 19

Relaxation of orad stomach due to stimulation of vagus nerve

- Allows food to enter without increasing intra-gastric pressure to avoid reflux = allows food storage

Question 20

What is the pH of the stomach?

Answer 20

pH = 1.5-2

Question 21

NAme some cells lining a gastric gland:

Answer 21

• Stem cells
• Parietal cells
• G cells
• D cells
• Entero-chromaffin-like cells
• Mucous neck cells
• Chief cells

Question 22

What is the role of chief cells in the stomach? Where are they found primarily?

Answer 22

Secrete pepsinogen

Fundus + Body

Question 23

In which part of the stomach are endocrine cells primarily found?

Answer 23

Pylorus

Question 24

What is the role of superficial epithelial cells?

Answer 24

Secrete HCO3-

Question 25

What is the role of Parietal cells?

Answer 25

Secrete: - HCl acid - Intrinsic factor

Question 26

Which gastric cells secrete pepsinogen?

Answer 26

Chief cells

Question 27

Which gastric cells secrete HCl acid?

Answer 27

Parietal cells

Question 28

Which gastric cells secrete intrinsic factor?

Answer 28

Parietal cells

Question 29

Which gastric cells secrete Gastrin?

Answer 29

G cells

Question 30

Which gastric cells sectete somatostatin?

Answer 30

D cells