GI Drugs 1&2

Question 1

What is omeprazole?

Answer 1

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Question 2

Name 2 Proton Pump Inhibitors.

Answer 2

omeprazole

esomeprazole

Question 3

What is Ranitidine?

Answer 3

Histamine H2 receptor antagonist

Question 4

What is esomeprazole?

Answer 4

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Question 5

what do Proton Pump Inhibitors do?

Answer 5

decrease gastric acid secretion,

potent irreversible binding

Question 6

gynecomastia is a side effect of?

Answer 6

Ranitidine

Question 7

Which antacid causes diarrhoea?

Answer 7

Magnesium hydroxide/carbonate/etc/

Question 8

Which antacid(s) cause constipation?

Answer 8

Aluminum hydroxide

calcium carbonate

Question 9

What can cause rebound acidity?

Answer 9

calcium carbonate

Question 10

Sodium Bicarb is dangerous for kids because?

Answer 10

cause systemic alkalosis = kidney damage

Question 11

What is sucralfate?

Answer 11

cytoprotective agent to ‘coat’ stomach again acid

Question 12

Aluminum hydroxide side effect?

Answer 12

constipation

Question 13

Name me a cytoprotective agent?

Answer 13

sucralfate

Question 14

side effect of calcium carbonate?

Answer 14

constipation

Question 15

Hyoscine butylbromide is a?

Answer 15

spasmolytic: muscarinic receptor antagonist

Question 16

what is Hyoscine butylbromide used for?

Answer 16

block motility

Question 17

Hyoscine butylbromide is tertiary or quaternary? absorbed?

Answer 17

quaternary

not absorbed

Question 18

What is a direct spasmolytic?

Answer 18

mebeverine

peppermint oil

Question 19

Misoprostol is a?

Answer 19

Protaglandin E analogue

Question 20

What do Protaglandin E analogues do? 3 things

Answer 20

increase mucous
increase flow
decrease gastric secretions

Question 21

Misoprotol and pregnant women =

Answer 21

DANGER, can cause uterine contractions leading to abortion

Question 22

are antiemetic drugs for everyone?

Answer 22

nope, dangerous for kids/elderly cause of hydration

Question 23

Name me a prostaglandin E analogue.

Answer 23

Misoprostol

Question 24

Promethazine is a?

Answer 24

H1 receptor antagonist

Question 25

big side effect of promethazine?

Answer 25

sedation

Question 26

name a muscarinic receptor antagonist anti-emetic drug.

Answer 26

hyoscine hydrobromide

Question 27

name an H1 receptor antagonist:

Answer 27

promethazine

Question 28

What happens if you take Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists for too long?

Answer 28

risk of extrapyramidal side effects, parkinson's like symptom

Question 29

What is prochlorperazine?

Answer 29

Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists

Question 30

What does Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists drugs do?

Answer 30

anti-emetic

Question 31

Does Hyoscine hydrobromide absorbed? tertiary? quaternary?

Answer 31

tertiary | absorbed past blood brain barrier

Question 32

what is Prochlorperazine?

Answer 32

Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists

Question 33

When do you normally use Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists ?

Answer 33

for nausea associated with cancer treatments

Question 34

What class of drugs were discovered within the Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists ?

Answer 34

anti-psychotics

Question 35

chemoreceptor trigger zone for vomiting is inside or outside blood brain barrier? why?

Answer 35

outside so susceptible to more different kinds of stimuli

Question 36

how to treat gastric stasis or gastroparesis?

Answer 36

metoclopramide cause it's a pro-motility drug (5HT4 agonist)

Question 37

What is ondansetron?

Answer 37

seretonin 5HT3 antagonist antiemetic

Question 38

What does a 5HT4 agonist do?

Answer 38

increase upper gastric motility, no diarrhoea

Question 39

What is Aprepinant?

Answer 39

Neurokinin 1 anti-emetic

Question 40

dexamathasone used for what?

Answer 40

severe vomiting

Question 41

Cannabanoids have have what kind of effects on vomiting?

Answer 41

anti-emetic

Question 42

why does it take longer to poo again after laxative?

Answer 42

entire colon is empty, takes time to refill

Question 43

what happens if you have too much fibre and slow transit?

Answer 43

impacted bowel

Question 44

Name a Neurokinin-1 Receptor antagonist.

Answer 44

Aprepinant

Question 45

definition of constipation?

Answer 45

less than 3 times a week with straining and hard stool

Question 46

What can drugs cause constipation?

Answer 46

antipsychotics alum/Ca antacids Opiods

Question 47

Name 2 bulking agents

Answer 47

Bran | Psyllium

Question 48

How do bulking agents work?

Answer 48

absorb water>more bulk>stim bowel stretch receptors>poo

Question 49

name a faecal softener/lubricant

Answer 49

docusate

Question 50

Docusate with Senna is what?

Answer 50

faecal softener with a stimulant laxative

Question 51

What was used as a faecal lubricant in the old days

Answer 51

liquid paraffin

Question 52

Name a saline osmotic laxative?

Answer 52

Magnesium sulphate(Epsom salts)

Question 53

What is a disaccharide hydrophilic colloid?

Answer 53

Lactulose: increases bulk via osmosis

Question 54

Sorbitol is a?

Answer 54

polyols

Question 55

Magnesium sulphate(Epsom salts) are?

Answer 55

saline osmotic laxative

Question 56

What is bisacodyl?

Answer 56

potent stimulant laxative

Question 57

Name 2 stimulant laxatives

Answer 57

bisacodyl | senna

Question 58

name a polyol similar to lactulose

Answer 58

sorbitol

Question 59

Lactulose is what kind of drug?

Answer 59

disaccharide hydrophilic colloid

Question 60

what is coloxil? when do you use it?

Answer 60

docusate + senna | to counter effects of opioids

Question 61

Name one opioid antidiarrhoeal drug

Answer 61

loperamide

Question 62

What is simethicone?

Answer 62

defoaming polymer for flatulence treatment

Question 63

What is loperamide?

Answer 63

opioid antidiarrhoeal drug