Parasites 1&2

Question 0

examples of protozoal parasites

Answer 0

entamoeba hystolytica
giardia intestinalis
toxoplasma gondii

Question 1

Lice, Mites and Ticks are what kind of parasites?

Answer 1

Ectoparasites

Question 2

parasite definition?

Answer 2

metabolically dependent organism

Question 3

what is a reservoir host?

Answer 3

animal can be infected and also infect people

Question 4

what is intermediate host?

Answer 4

parasite doesn’t reach sexual maturity

Question 5

what is paratenic host?

Answer 5

parasite does not undergo development but remains infective

Question 6

what is definitive host?

Answer 6

parasite reaches sexual maturity

Question 7

Lice is broad or focused as a species?

Answer 7

focused, pubic lice can’t infect your head and vice versa

Question 8

what is pediculus humanis?

Answer 8

lice that infects body hair

Question 9

lice infection aka:

Answer 9

pediculosis

Question 10

what is ‘crabs’?

Answer 10

phthirus pubis

Question 11

body louse lay eggs where?

Answer 11

on clothing

Question 12

why would there be a resurgence in lice nowadays?

Answer 12

resistance to insecticide

Question 13

why is lice a stigma?

Answer 13

used to be lice = poor hygiene

Question 14

what were vectors of rickettsia, typhus and trench fever?

Answer 14

lice

Question 15

Mites aka?

Answer 15

scabies

Question 16

what happens if you scratch mites?

Answer 16

drives the eggs farther into your skin

Question 17

size of scabies?

Answer 17

less than 0.5 mm in size

Question 18

mites/scabies life cycle? where do they prefer to live?

Answer 18

single host in fingerwebs, elbows, axillae, genitals

Question 19

treatment for mites/scabies?

Answer 19

ivermectin

Question 20

mites will survive long time without a host?

Answer 20

nope will die pretty quickly

Question 21

Ticks are vectors for?

Answer 21

infectious agents: viral, bac, protozoal, rickettsial

Question 22

ticks and paralysis. Go.

Answer 22

secrete neurotoxin to anesthetize area and can cause ascending paralysis and possible Guillan-Barre

Question 23

what is Ixodes holocyclus?

Answer 23

tick that causes rapid ascending paralysis

Question 24

Lyme disease in Australia?

Answer 24

no epidemiological evidence really.

Question 25

how to treat ticks?

Answer 25

remove them

Question 26

are protozoa parasitic?

Answer 26

not really, can live freely outside of hosts

Question 27

2 forms of the protozoa?

Answer 27

cyst - inactive robust | trophozoate: active, invasive

Question 28

what is the most common amoeba human infection?

Answer 28

enamoeba histolytica

Question 29

how is enamoeba histolytica transmitted and where does it invade?

Answer 29

invades in colon | transmitted faecal-oral

Question 30

can enamoeba histolytica cause extra-intestinal infection? where?

Answer 30

yes | liver and brain abcess

Question 31

enamoeba histolytica causes what kind of diarrhoea?

Answer 31

dysentry | large volume

Question 32

treatment for enamoeba histolytica?

Answer 32

metronidazole + paromomycin, drainage of abscess

Question 33

immunity for enamoeba histolytica?

Answer 33

nope, re-infection common

Question 34

how long can Giardia intestinalis survive without host?

Answer 34

few months

Question 35

Giardia intestinalis transmission? 2 things.

Answer 35

faecal-oral | zoonotic

Question 36

presentation of Giardia intestinalis ?

Answer 36

subacute diarrhoea for some weeks, could resolve

Question 37

treatment for Giardia intestinalis ?

Answer 37

tinidazole

Question 38

toxoplasma gondii cysts are where usually?

Answer 38

muscle

Question 39

toxoplasma gondii a parasite?

Answer 39

yes. obligate intracellular

Question 40

toxoplasma gondii in Australia usually found where?

Answer 40

domestic cats | undercooked meat

Question 41

toxoplasma gondii symptoms in regular folk?

Answer 41

asymptomatic. lifetime infection

Question 42

when is toxoplasma gondii dangerous? 2 scenarios

Answer 42

organ transplant | fetus in pregnant woman

Question 43

treatment for toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 43

bactrim or nil

Question 44

diagnosis for toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 44

serology

Question 45

3 major types of helminths?

Answer 45

roundworms tapeworms flukes

Question 46

helminths have organ systems?

Answer 46

limited, not really.

Question 47

what is the only helminth that can complete full cycle in human?

Answer 47

roundworm: strongyloides

Question 48

what are nematodes?

Answer 48

roundworms

Question 49

name 3 roundworms

Answer 49

pinworms ascaris strongyloides

Question 50

what is schistosoma?

Answer 50

flukes

Question 51

name two tape worms

Answer 51

echinococcus | Taenia

Question 52

Which worm crawls out of anus to lay eggs at night and crawl back in?

Answer 52

pinworm

Question 53

what is enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 53

pinworm

Question 54

pinworm symptoms? how long it lasts?

Answer 54

itchy. lasts 4-6 weeks untreated if you can break the cycle

Question 55

where do male and female pinworms mate?

Answer 55

in your cecum. Giggidy Giggidy.

Question 56

treatment for pinworm?

Answer 56

antihelminthic

Question 57

is pinworm chronic?

Answer 57

not really. frequent re-introduction

Question 58

what's the main problem with ascaris lumbricoids?

Answer 58

physical size of the worms: 30-40cm long causing GI obstruction

Question 59

how many eggs does ascaris lumbricoids lay per day?

Answer 59

200 000

Question 60

where do the eggs hatche for ascaris lumbricoids?

Answer 60

in soil

Question 61

how can ascaris lumbricoids infection mimic asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia?

Answer 61

larvae penetrate small intestine>hepatic circulation>lungs>alveolar space>trachea>reswallowed

Question 62

ascaris lumbricoids in cold soil?

Answer 62

likes warm soil better

Question 63

how can you rule out ascaris lumbricoids?

Answer 63

if they have been out of endemic area for 2 years or more

Question 64

Strongyloides stercoralis infects how?

Answer 64

penetrates skin via feet

Question 65

where does embryonisation occur?

Answer 65

in colon

Question 66

what dangerous about skin penetrating Strongyloides stercoralis?

Answer 66

can bring gram -ve bacteria with it, dangerous in immunocompromised or cause sepsis

Question 67

Strongyloides stercoralis needs soil to complete life cycle?

Answer 67

nope. can have autoinfection in humans

Question 68

obstruction in Strongyloides stercoralis?

Answer 68

nope. many symptomatic

Question 69

dx of Strongyloides stercoralis?

Answer 69

eggs in faeces and serology

Question 70

2 disease control for Strongyloides stercoralis?

Answer 70

shoes and sewage disposal

Question 71

what are trematodes?

Answer 71

flukes

Question 72

are flukes parasitic?

Answer 72

yes must live on host

Question 73

what is schistosoma mansonii?

Answer 73

fluke

Question 74

where does schistosoma mansonii live?

Answer 74

mucosal associated intestinal veins

Question 75

how is schistosoma mansonii transmitted?

Answer 75

fresh water snails

Question 76

schistosoma mansonii larva penetrate how?

Answer 76

through skin through fresh water

Question 77

are reinfections of schistosoma mansonii common?

Answer 77

yes

Question 78

tape worms parasitic?

Answer 78

yes all are

Question 79

example of tape work?

Answer 79

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 80

humans host for Echinococcus granulosus?

Answer 80

accidental intermediate hosts

Question 81

Echinococcus granulosus what kind of infection?

Answer 81

zoonotic

Question 82

what do hydatid cysts come from?

Answer 82

Echinococcus granulosus (tape worm)

Question 83

Echinococcus granulosus common?

Answer 83

less than 5 cases/year in victoria

Question 84

what is hyperendemic dur to transmission by dingos, feral pigs, etc.?

Answer 84

tape worms: Echinococcus granulosus

Question 85

can Echinococcus granulosus in liver and lungs persist?

Answer 85

yes for years, compressing organs

Question 86

what is the PAIR treatment for Echinococcus granulosus cyst? or hydatids disease?

Answer 86

puncture aspiration injection re-aspiration

Question 87

immune response to hydatid cysts?

Answer 87

not really unless the cyst breaks (anaphylaxis)

Question 88

What causes neurocystercercosis?

Answer 88

Taenia parasite

Question 89

Taeniasis infects how?

Answer 89

zoonotic infection

Question 90

What is taeniasis worm?

Answer 90

tapeworm up to 10m long

Question 91

how many eggs do taeniasis produce per day?

Answer 91

300 000

Question 92

taeniasis is major cause of what in endemic countries?

Answer 92

neurological disease

Question 93

do you normally remove a Taenia solium cyst in the brain?

Answer 93

nope, usually leave for risk of burst/seizures

Question 94

avoid raw pork, it might have?

Answer 94

Taenia solium(tapeworm)