Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Jason's GI Block > GI Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

GI Infectious Diseases Flashcards

(97 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What percentage of children under 5 dying is caused by diarrhoea? Pneumonia?

A

diarrhoea: 11%
pneumonia: 18%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why does diarrhoea kill

  1. immediately
  2. delayed?
A
  1. fluid and electrolyte loss

2. malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which bugs have a 20x higher death rate post infection?

A

ecoli, shigella, parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

33% of all children deaths are caused by?

A

malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 ways diarrhoea causes malnutrition?

A
  1. increased energy loss

2. reduced energy intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 reasons for reduced energy intake in diarrhoea?

A

malabsorption post gut damage

withholding of food (moms think breast milk caused it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is Gut damage in kids different than adults?

A

kids guts repair slower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

out of 10 litres of liquid consumed in 24 hours, how much is absorbed?

A

9.9 litres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the reserve capacity of the GIT for fluids?

A

4-5 litres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens if you surpass the reserve capacity of the GIT for fluid?

A

diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 aetiological agents of diarrhoea?

A

bacteria
viruses
protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the predominant cause of diarrhoea in developed countries?

A

Viral 40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the predominant cause of diarrhoea in developing countries?

A

bacterial (35%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gastroenteritis generally just means?

A

vomiting and diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dysentery needs to have?

A

blood, pus, mucous in the feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

enteroinvasive ecoli AKA:

A

shigella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

shigella causes what kind of diarrhoea?

A

dysentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does entamoeba histolytica cause? what is it?

A

protozoal cause of dysentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which foods do you find staph and salmonella poisoning in?

A

Mayonnaise (raw eggs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Listeria outbreaks recently in which foods?

A

soft cheeses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

clostridium perfringes, bacillus, vibrio are from what kind of syndrome?

A

food poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ciguatoxin si dangerous why?

A

can kill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Traveller’s diarrhoea mainly caused by?

A

ETEC, bac, viruses, protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes atibiotic-associated colitis?

A

Clostridium difficile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What the difference between dysentery and haemorrhagic colitis?
No pus in the faeces
26
main bug that causes haemorrhagic colitis?
EHEC (entero-hemorrhagic e.coli)
27
What causes cholera-like symptoms?
vibrio cholerae, ETEC
28
enteric fevers are local or systemic?
systemic
29
Which 2 bugs cause enteric fever?
salmonella typhi | salmonella paratyphi
30
What is ETEC?
enterooxigenic E. coli
31
What is EPEC?
Enteropathogenic E. coli
32
What is EHEC?
enterohaemorrhagic E. coli
33
what is EIEC?
enteroinvasive E. coli
34
what is EAEC?
enteroaggregative E. coli
35
What are the adhesins for ETEC?
CFAs
36
What are the adhesins for EPEC?
intimin, Bfp
37
What are the adhesins for EHEC
intimin and Efa
38
EHEC evolved from?
EPEC
39
What are the adhesins for EAEC?
AAF
40
Which ecoli can secrete shiga toxin?
EHEC?
41
shiga toxin is AKA?
verotoxin
42
which two ecoli cause watery diarrhoea?
ETEC | EAEC
43
which ecoli causes bloody diarrhoea?
EHEC
44
what does EIEC cause?
dysentery
45
EPEC causes?
non-specific gastro
46
5 levels of invasion of mucosa?
1. adhesive enterotoxigenic 2. adhesive with bush border damage 3. invasion restricted to muscosa 4. invasion of submucosa 5. systemic invasion
47
Bugs that are adhesive enterotoxigenic?
cholera, ETEC
48
Bugs that are adhesive enterotoxigenic adhesive with bush border damage?
EPEC
49
Bugs that are invasion restricted to muscosa
shigella
50
Bugs that are invasion of submucosa
salmonella | capylobacter
51
Bugs that are systemic invasion?
salmonella
52
What happens if immunocompromised patient has invasion of submucosa bugs like: salmonella capylobacter?
could turn systemic
53
EPEC has two stages of adherence they are?
1. plasmid mediated | 2. chromosomal (attachment)
54
where do you find bundle forming pili?
stage one plasmid mediated adherence of EPEC only
55
Do mammals use Type III secretion systems?
Nope. ONLY pathogens
56
Why is Type III secretion system for pathogens special?
gets a protein DIRECTLY from bacterial cytoplasm to host cytoplasm via small 'syringe'
57
the Tir and Intimin combo is unique in nature for the following reason?
TIR = translocated intimin receptor | essentially e.coli secretes it's own receptor onto our cells so that their intimin can adhere to our cells
58
Which shigella is the worst and the only one that produces shiga toxin?
shigella dysenteriae
59
do ALL shigella dysenteriae produce shiga toxin?
Nope.
60
Do ALL EHEC produce shiga toxin?
yes by definition
61
what does HUS stand for?
Haemolytic urea syndrome
62
Haemolytic urea syndrome caused by which toxin?
NEED shiga toxin
63
4 Virulence Determinants?
adhesins invasive ability exotoxins ability to resist killing
64
3 pathogens that are invasive?
shigella salmonella yersinia
65
2 kinds o adhesins?
fimbriae | non-fimbriate
66
2 kinds of exotoxins?
cytotonic: cholera cytotoxic: shiga
67
2 ways to resist killing?
``` resist serum resist phagocytes (eg. salmonella, macrophages) ```
68
are there microvilli on immature enterocytes?
Nope
69
after damage by rotavirus, what happens to intestinal architecture?
flattening of microvilli/improper absorption
70
do labs culture viruses?
only for the more common ones
71
5 things the lab does to diagnose pathogens?
``` macroscopic appearance microscopy culture antigen detection detection of nucleic acid ```
72
Would you see bacteria with amoeboid infection? Why?
Nope, because amoebas eat bacteria!
73
Trophozoites of Giarbia lamblia are found where usually?
proximal small intestine, then let go an move down the gut making cysts along the way
74
In active trophozooite of Entamoeba histolytica, what the smoking gun in the diagnosis?
RBCs ingested by the amoeba on light microscope
75
Entamoeba histolytica can live as two things
commensal and pathogen
76
3 ways to culture faeces
enrichment (salmonella) direct plating on selective/indicator media confirm suspicious colonies
77
3 ways to confirm suspicious colonies?
biochem tests (virulence typing) serotyping (EHEC0157, salm.typhi) pathotyping (PCR)
78
What the last resort for viral infection diagnosis?
electron microscopy
79
3 ways to diagnose viral infections
antigen detection detection of nucleic acid electron microscopy
80
Eg. of when you would use capture assay for antigen?
rotavirus from a faeces sample
81
Viral nucleic acids by PCR revealed by?
electrophoreses
82
2 best treatments for diarrhoea?
1. fluid and electrolyte replacement | 2. reduce fluid loss
83
Why give electrolytes with fluid?
electrolytes help the body uptake water as water and other ions follow Na+
84
3 kinds of anti-diarrhoeals? (do they work?)
``` antimotility (still diarrhoea-ing on inside) anti-secretory agents (doesn't work) binding agents (does stop it, just looks better) ```
85
Is shiga toxin dangerous to non-humans?
Not as dangerous as they have the shiga toxin receptor and only destroys a few gut cells
86
Why is shiga toxin dangerous to humans?
we don't have a shiga toxin receptor so it can pass straight through and cause havoc on brain/heart etc.
87
Antibiotics for diarrhoea, what does it do for cholera?
shortens illness a smidge
88
which systemic infection MUST you treat with Antibiotics for diarrhoea?
typhoid fever
89
Antibiotics for diarrhoea for immunocompromised patients?
yes
90
treat shigella dystenteriae with antibiotics?
yes indeed
91
Would you treat someone with a protozoal infection even if they feel fine?
Yes. Always treat
92
Why is pseudomembranous colitis treatment paradoxical?
treatment is antibiotic (metronidazole) | caused by: antibiotics
93
WHO two best ways to reduce incidence of diarrhoea?
1. education: hygiene, breast-feeding | 2. immunisation
94
3 ways to prevent traveller's diarrhoea?
reduce exposure antimicrobials (maybe) immunisation (active/passive)
95
what's the function of bundle forming pili?
prevent washing away of pathogen due to peristalsis
96
LEE pathogenicity island stands for?
Locus of Enterocyte Effacement
97
EPEC and EHEC both made which two adherins?
intimin and LEE

Jason's GI Block (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions