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Nursing > GI part 1 > Flashcards

GI part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

____ is the inner wall of the GI tract that consists of four layers.

A

Lumen

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2
Q

What are the 4 layers of the lumen?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

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3
Q

Before food can be absorbed, it must be broken down in to a liquid known as ____.

A

Chyme

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4
Q

____ is the mechanical and chemical process in which complex foodstuffs are broken down into simpler forms that can be used by the body.

A

Digestion

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5
Q

____ is carried out as the nutrients produced by digestion move from the lumen of the GI tract not the body’s circulatory system for uptake by individual cells.

A

Absorption

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6
Q

____ is the act of chewing.

A

Mastication

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7
Q

____ is the sphincter at the upper end of the esophagus that prevents air from entering the esophagus during respiration when at rest.

A

Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES)

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8
Q

____ is the portion of the esophagus just above the gastroesophageal junction the is normally closed to prevent reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, when at rest.

A

Lower Esophageal Sphicter (LES)

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9
Q

What type of cells line the wall of the stomach and secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal cells

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10
Q

____ is a substance that iAds in the absorption of vitamin B12. Without this, pernicious anemia is caused.

A

Intrinsic Factor

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11
Q

____ are part of the body’s reticuloendothelial system; they engulf harmful bacteria and anemic red blood cells. (Protective function of liver.)

A

Kupffer cells.

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12
Q

____ is the larges organ in the body (other than the skin).

A

Liver

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13
Q

3 major categories of liver function.

A

Storage
Protection
Metabolism

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14
Q

Location of the liver.

A

RUQ of abdomen

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15
Q

____ is a pear shaped bulbous sac that is located under the liver.

A

Gallbladder

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16
Q

____ is the longest and most convoluted portion of the digestive system measuring 16 to 19 feet.

A

Small Intestine

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17
Q

Three different regions of the Small Intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ilieum

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18
Q

____ extends about five to six feet in length from the ileocecal valve to the anus and is lined with columnar epithelium that has absorptive mucous cells.

A

Large Intestine

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19
Q

____ is a loss of appetite for food?

A

Anorexia

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20
Q

____ is a term for indigestion or heartburn.

A

Dyspepsia

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21
Q

Mnemonic that is helpful for assessing pain in pt’s with GI disorders.

A

PQRST
Precipitating or Palliative- what causes/relieves. Noticed when?
Quality or quantity- How look, feel, sound, intense/severe?
Region or radiation- where? has/does it spread
Severity scale- 0-10, better, worse, or same?
Timing- onset: when. Duration: how long. Frequency: how often?

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22
Q

____ is the Yellowing of the skin caused by bilirubin pigments?

A

Jaundice

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23
Q

____ is the term for an enlarged liver?

A

Hepatomegaly

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24
Q

____ is the term for an enlarged spleen?

A

Splenomegaly

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25
Q

____ is a term for fatty stools?

A

Steatorrhea

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26
Q

____ is a x-ray visualization from the mouth to the duodenojejunal junction. Used to detect disorders of structor or function of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.

A

Upper GI radiographic series

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27
Q

____ is an x-ray of the biliary duct system using ann iodinated dye instilled via a percutaneous needle inserted through the liver into the intrahepatic ducts.

A

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

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28
Q

____ is a direct visualization of the GI tract using a flexible fiberoptic endoscope.

A

Endoscopy

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29
Q

____ is a visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

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30
Q

____ includes visual and radiographic examination of the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas to id the came and location of obstruction.

A

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

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31
Q

____ is a small incision in the sphincter around the ampulla of hater. Performed to remove gallstones.

A

Papillotomy

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32
Q

____ is a small bowel endoscopy

A

Enteroscopy

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33
Q

____ is an endoscopic examination of the entire large bowel.

A

Colonoscopy

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34
Q

____ is a non invasive imaging procedure to obtain multidimensional views of the entire colon.

A

CT colonography aka

Virtual Colonoscopy

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35
Q

____ presents as slowly developing changes in the oral mucous membranes causing thickened, white, firmly attached patches than cannot be easily scraped off.

A

Leukoplakia

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36
Q

____ appear as red, velvety mucosal lesions on the surface of the oral mucosa.

A

Erythroplakia

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37
Q

____ is a noninvasive surgical intervention that involves extreme cold application to remove lesions of the oral cavity.

A

Cryotherapy

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38
Q

____ is the removal of the tongue.

A

Glossectomy

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39
Q

____ is the removal of the jaw.

A

Mandibulectomy

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40
Q

____ is a COMbined neck dissection, MANDibulectoomy, and Oropharyngeal resection.

A

Comando procedure

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41
Q

____ is the inflammation of a salivary gland.

A

Acute sialadenitis

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42
Q

____ is the most common upper GI disorder in the US.

A

GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease)

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43
Q

____ occurs as a result of backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus.

A

GER Gastroesophageal reflux

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44
Q

____ is a term to describe a person with acute symptoms of inflammation of the esophageal mucosa.

A

Reflux esophagitits

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45
Q

____ increase the risk for development of GERD due to the creation of increased intra-abdominal pressure.

A

Hiatal Hernias

46
Q

____ is a narrowing of the esophageal opening than can be caused by the fibrosis and scarring from the healing of tissues affected by GERD.

A

Esophageal Stricture

47
Q

____ is a term to describe indigestion.

A

Dyspepsia

48
Q

____ is the backward flow of food particles or fluids into the throat.

A

Regurgitation

49
Q

____ is a hypersecretion salivary reflex. Pt’s report a sensation of fluid in the throat.

A

Water Brash

50
Q

____ is a term for belching.

A

Eructation

51
Q

____ is a term for painful swallowing.

A

Odynophagia

52
Q

____ is an “upper endoscopy” that involves the insertion of an endoscope down the throat, which allows the hcp to see the esophagus and look for abnormalities.

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

53
Q

____ is the most accurate method of diagnosing GERD.

A

pH monitoring exam

54
Q

____ are also called diaphragmatic hernias, that involve the protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the chest.

A

Hiatal hernia

55
Q

____ is a term for air swallowing.

A

Aerophagia

56
Q

____ is the spreading of cancers throughout the body.

A

Metastasize

57
Q

____ results from the exposure to acid and pepsin, which leads to the replacement of normal distal squamous mucosa with columnar epithelium as a response to tissue injury.

A

Barrett’s Esophagus

58
Q

____ is the most common symptom of esophageal cancer, but it may not be present until the esophageal opening has gotten much smaller.

A

Dysphagia

59
Q

____ is the term for foul breath.

A

Halitosis

60
Q

____ is the removal of all or part of the esophagus.

A

Esophagectomy

61
Q

____ involves the removal of part of the esophagus and proximal stomach.

A

Esophagogastrostomy

62
Q

____ are sacs resulting from the herniation of esophageal mucosa and submucosa into surrounding tissue.

A

Diverticula

63
Q

____ is the inflammation of gastric mucosa.

A

Gastritis

64
Q

____ is the self digestion of the stomach.

A

Autodigestion

65
Q

____ appears as a patchy, diffuse inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach.

A

Chronic Gastritis

66
Q

____ is the result of depleted vitamin B12 storage.

A

Pernicious Anemia

67
Q

____ has been associated with the presence of antibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic factor.

A

Type A Chronic Gastritis

68
Q

____ is the most common form of chronic gastritis that is caused by H. pylori.

A

Type B Gastritis

69
Q

____ is a type of chronic gastritis that is seen most often in older adults.

A

Atrophic Gastritis

70
Q

___ is the vomiting of blood.

A

Hematemsis

71
Q

____ is the term for dark, sticky feces, as evidence of blood in the stool.

A

Melena

72
Q

____ is a term for heartburn/indigestion.

A

Dyspepsia

73
Q

____ is a mucosal lesion of the stomach or duodenum.

A

Peptic Ulcer

74
Q

____ results when mucosal defenses become impaired and no longer protect the epithelium from the effects of acid and pepsin.

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

75
Q

____ are multiple shallow erosions of the stomach and occasionally the proximal duodenum.

A

Stress Ulcers

76
Q

____ is the term for pain when the pt’s abdomen is tender, rigid, and board like. Assuming a fetal position helps decrease the tension.

A

Periontitis

77
Q

____ is the insertion of a large bore NGT with instillation of a room-temp solution in volumes of 200 to 300 mL.

A

Gastric Lavage

78
Q

____ is the absence of the secretion of hydrochloric acid.

A

Achlorhydria

79
Q

____ is a term that refers to a group of vasomotor symptoms that occur after eating.

A

Dumping Syndrome

80
Q

____ is also known as bile reflux gastropathy, and is a complication of gastric surgery in which the pylorus is bypassed or removed.

A

Alkaline Reflux Gastropathy

81
Q

____ is a functional GI disorder that causes chronic or recurrent diarrhea, constipation, and/or abdominal pain and bloating.

A

IBS

82
Q

____ is the most common digestive disorder seen in clinical practice and may affect as many as one in five people in the US.

A

IBS

83
Q

____ is a weakness in the abdominal muscle wall through which a segment of the bowel or other abdominal structure protrudes.

A

Hernia

84
Q

____ is a sac formed from the peritoneum that contains a portion of the intestine or momentum.

A

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

85
Q

____ pass through a weak point in the abdominal wall.

A

Direct Inguinal Hernias

86
Q

____ protrude through the femoral ring. A plug of fat in the femoral canal enlarges and eventually pulls the peritoneum and often the urinary bladder into the sac.

A

Femoral Hernias

87
Q

____ are congenital or acquired hernias and appear in infancy. Some are a direct result from increased intra-abdominal pressure. and can be seen in the obese.

A

Umbilical Hernias

88
Q

____ are hernias that occur at the site of a previous surgical incision. Caused by inadequate healing.

A

Incisional or Ventral Hernias

89
Q

____ is a term to describe when the blood supply to the hernia and segment of the bowel is cut off by pressure from the her nail ring.

A

Strangulated

90
Q

____ are tumors that arise from the glandular epithelial tissue of the colon.

A

Adenocarcinomas

91
Q

____ is the passage of red blood via the rectum.

A

Hematochezia

92
Q

____ is an oncofetal antigen and is elevated in may people with CRC.

A

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

93
Q

____ is the removal f the tumor and regional lymph nodes in CRC.

A

Colon Resection.

94
Q

____ is the removal of the colon.

A

Colectomy

95
Q

____ is the surgical creation of an opening of the colon onto the surface of the abdomen.

A

Colostomy

96
Q

____ is the surgical reattachment

A

Anastomosis

97
Q

____ is created by dividing the bowel and bringing both the proximal and sitar portions to the abdominal surface to create two stomas.

A

Double-Barrel Stoma

98
Q

____ is the term for when the bowel is physically blocked by problems outside the intestine, in the bowel wall,or in the intestinal lumen.

A

Mechanical Obstruction.

99
Q

____ does not involve a physical obstruction in or outside the intestine.

A

Nonmechanical obstuction
aka
Paralytic Ileus

100
Q

____ is a blockage in two different areas.

A

Closed-Loop Obstruction

101
Q

____ is an obstruction with compromised blood flow.

A

Strangulated Obstruction

102
Q

____ is the telescoping of a segment of the intestine within itself. (Can cause Mechanical Obstruction)

A

Intussusception

103
Q

____ is the twisting of the intestine. (Can cause Mechanical Obstruction)

A

Volvulus

104
Q

____ is the inability to pass stool; intractable constipation.

A

Obstipation

105
Q

____ are high pitched bowel sounds.

A

Borborygmi

106
Q

____ is a surgical opening of the abdominal cavity to investigate the cause of the obstruction.

A

Exploratory Laparotomy

107
Q

____ are small growths in the intestinal tract that are covered with mucosa and attached to the surface of the intestine.

A

Polyps

108
Q

____ are unnaturally swollen or distended veins in the anorectal region.

A

Hemorrhoids

109
Q

____ are hemorrhoids that cannot be seen on inspection of the perineal area, and lie above the anal sphincter.

A

Internal

110
Q

____ are hemorrhoids that lie below the anal sphincter and can be seen on inspection of the anal region.

A

External

111
Q

____ is a syndrome associated with a variety of disorders and intestinal surgical procedures.

A

malabsorption

112
Q

____ are greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces.

A

Steatorrhea

Nursing (21 decks)

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