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Anatomy > Heart 4th exam > Flashcards

Heart 4th exam Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

cardiac output

A

the amount of blood pumped from one ventricle per minute

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2
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

heart and blood vessels

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3
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart

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4
Q

arterioles

A

smaller branches of arteries

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5
Q

veins

A

carry blood toward the heart

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6
Q

venules

A

small branches of veins

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7
Q

great vessels

A

arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart

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8
Q

Pulmonary circulation consists of

A

chambers of the right side (right atrium and right ventricle).
Pulmonary arteries
pumonary veins

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9
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

convey poorly oxygenated blood to the lungs to eliminate carbon dioxide and to replenish oxygen

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10
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

convey blood containing relatively low amounts of carbon dioxide and high amounts of oxygen from the lungs to the left side of the heart for pumping to the systemic circulation

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11
Q

systemic circulation consists of

A

the chambers of the left side (left atrium and left ventricle)
all other named blood vessels that carry blood to all the peripheral organs and tissues of the body and then back to the heart

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12
Q

Aorta

A

the largest systemic artery in the body

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13
Q

Capillaries

A

smallest vessels. gas exchange in tissues occurs in capillaries

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14
Q

superior vena cava

A

superior blood vessel that drains blood into the right atrium

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15
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Inferior blood vessel that drains blood into the right atrium

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16
Q

base

A

posteriosuperior surface of the heart, formed primarily by the left atrium

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17
Q

apex

A

inferior, conical end of the heart, projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body

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18
Q

pericardium

A

a fibrous sac with serous lining that contains the heart

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19
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

tough outer portion of dense connective tissue of the pericardium

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20
Q

serous pericardium

A

thin, double-layered, inner portion made of serous membrane of the pericardium

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21
Q

Parietal layer of serous membrane

A

lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

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22
Q

Visceral layer

A

this layer is fused to the outer surface of the heart. also called the epicardium

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23
Q

pericardial cavity

A

thin potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium. Is filled with serous fluid

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24
Q

inflammation of the pericardial cavity leads to what

A

cardiac tampnade

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25
What is cardiac tamponade characterized by
pulsus paradoxus, jugular vein distention, and falling blood pressure
26
What are the three layers of the heart
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
27
epicardium
outermost layer of the heart
28
myocardium
middle layer of the heart wall and is composed of cardiac muscle tissue
29
where do myocardial infarctions occur
in the myocardial layer of the heart
30
endocardium
inner surface of the heart and external surfaces of the heart valves. Its continuous with the endothelium, the lining of the blood vessels
31
atria
thin-walled chambers that are located superiorly
32
Auricle
anterior part of each atrium. Is a wrinkled, ear-like, flap-like extension
33
what do the atria recieve
blood returning to the heart through both circuits
34
Where does the right atrium receives blood
from the systemic circuit
35
Where does the left atrium receive blood
from the pulmonary circuit
36
Ventricles
the inferior chambers
37
what are the large arteries that exit the heart
pulmonary trunk and aorta
38
Pulmonary trunk
carries blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary circuit
39
aorta
conducts blood from the left ventricle into the systemic circuit
40
what do valves do
allow blood to only travel in one direction and prevent back flow
41
what are valves lined with
endothelium
42
where is the fibrous skeleton of the heart located
between the atria and the ventricles, and is formed from dense irregular connective tissue
43
Where does the superior vena cava drain blood from
the head, neck, upper limbs, and the superior region of the trunk
44
where does the inferior vena cava drain blood from
the lower limbs and trunk
45
where does the coronary sinus drain blood from
the heart wall
46
interatrial septum
a thin wall between the right and left atria
47
fossa ovalis
an oval depression in the interatrial septum. occupies the former location of the foramen ovale
48
right atrioventricular valve
separates the right atrium from the right ventricle
49
another name for right atrioventricular valve
AV valve, tricuspid valve
50
Where does the right ventricle receive blood from
the right atrium
51
interventricular septum
thick wall between the right and left ventricles
52
trabeculae carneae
characteristic large, smooth, irregular muscular ridges on the internal wall surface of each ventricle
53
papillary muscles
three cone-shaped, muscular projections in the right ventricle which anchor thin strands of collagen fibers call chordae tendineae
54
chordae tendineae
attach to the lower surface of cusps of the right AV valve and prevent the valve from everting and flipping into the atrium when the right ventricle is contracting
55
pulmonary semilunar valve
at the superior end of the right ventricle which marks the end of the right ventricle and the entrance into the pulmonary trunk
56
pulmonary arteries
left and right divides of the pulmonary trunk. carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
57
semilunar valves
located within the walls of both ventricles immediately before connection of the ventricle to the pulmonary trunk or aorta
58
What does a semilunar valve composed of
three thin, half-moon-shaped, pocket-like semilunar cusps
59
how many pulmonary veins are there
4
60
left atrioventricular valve
separates the left atrium from the left ventricle
61
another name for left atrioventricular valve
AV valve, bicuspid valve, mitral valve
62
How much thicker is the left ventricle wall than the right
three times thicker
63
Where are the trabeculae carneae more prominent
left ventricle
64
How many papillary muscles project from the left ventricle's inner wall
2
65
Where do the left and right coronary arteries travel
in the coronary sulcus
66
what is the coronary sulcus
a deep groove between the atria and ventricles
67
What are the only branches of the ascending aorta
left and right coronary arteries
68
ischemia
characterized by inadequate supply of oxygen and blood to a part of the body
69
silent myocardial ischemia
painless
70
angia pectoris
agonizing
71
cardiac veins
collect deoxygenated blood and wastes from the myocardial capillaries
72
coronary sinus
a large vein that lies in the posterior aspect of the atrioventricular groove
73
Where does the coronary sinus drain
right into the right atrium
74
tachycardia
an abnormally increase heart rate, shortens diastole and reduces blood flow to the ventricular myocardium
75
hypotension
abnormally low blood pressure, can also reduce the ability of blood to flow through the ventricular myocardium
76
bradycardia
atypically slow heartbeat of less than 50 beats per minute
77
athlete's bradycardia
beneficial adaptation resulting from a muscular heart, healthy circulatory system, and excellent lung capacity
78
foramen ovale
a hole that passes from the right atrium to the left atrium in the embryonic heart
79
Septum primum
a flap of tissue over the foramen ovale
80
patent foramen ovale
when the fossa ovalis fails to close properly
81
other names for patent foramen ovale
perforated fossa ovalis, atrial septal defect

Anatomy (21 decks)

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