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Anatomy > Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Anastomosis

A

the site where two or more arteries (or veins) merge to supply the same body region

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2
Q

End arteries

A

arteries that do not form anastomoses

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3
Q

companion vessels

A

when an artery travels with a corresponding vein

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4
Q

tunics

A

layers of blood vessels

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5
Q

lumen

A

inside space of the blood vessels

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6
Q

tunica intima

A

innermost layer of the blood vessel wall

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7
Q

tunic media

A

middle layer of the vessel wall and is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells

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8
Q

tunic externa

A

outermost layer of a blood vessel wall, is composed of connective tissue that contains elastic and collagen fibers

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9
Q

What is the thickest layer in arteries

A

tunica media

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10
Q

what is the thickest layer in veins

A

tunica externa

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11
Q

What layers do capillaries have

A

only the tunica intima

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12
Q

Elastic arteries

A

the largest arteries, with diameters ranging from 2.5 to 1 centimeter

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13
Q

What are the elastic arteries mentioned in the book

A

Aorta, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, common iliac arteries

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14
Q

muscular arteries

A

have diameters ranging from 1 centimeter to 3 millimeters. These are most of the named arteries that aren’t the elastic arteries

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15
Q

arterioles

A

diameters ranging from 3 millimeters to 10 micrometers

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16
Q

capillaries

A

smallest blood vessels, connect arterioles to venules. have a diameter of 8-10 micrometers

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17
Q

sickle-cell disease

A

caused by inheritance of a gene for abnormal hemoglobin. causes blockages and infarctions in the body organs

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18
Q

interstial fluid

A

the fluid surrounding tissues

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19
Q

continuous apillaries

A

the most common type, endothelial cells form a complete, continuous lining and are connected by tight junctions

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20
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

have fenestrations within each endothelial cell and are seen where a great deal of fluid transport occurs between the blood and interstitial fluid of the tissues

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21
Q

sinusoids

A

tend to be wider, larger vessels with openings that allow for transport of larger materials, such as proteins or cells

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22
Q

veins

A

drain capillaries and return blood to the heart

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23
Q

how much of the bodies blood do veins hold

A

about 60%

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24
Q

venules

A

the smallest veins, measuring from 8 to 100 micrometers in diameter

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25
when does a venule turn into a vein
when its diameter is greater than 100 micrometers
26
what forms the one-way valves of veins
tunica intima and strengthened by elastic and collagen fibers
27
let and right coronary arteries
emerge immediately from the wall of the ascending aorta and supply the heart
28
aortic arch
ascending aorta curves towards the left side of the body
29
thre main arterial branches that emerge from the aortic arch
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
30
brachiocephalic trunk
bifurcates into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery
31
right common carotid artery
supplies arterial blood to the right side of the head and neck
32
right subclavian artery
supplies arterial blood to the right upper limb and some thoracic structures
33
left common carotid artery
supplies the left side of the head and neck
34
left subclavian artery
supplies the left upper limb and some thoracic structures
35
Aortic transections
typically fatal
36
aortic dissections
overall about 90% fatal and are very painful
37
what supplies most of the blood to the head and neck
left and right common carotid arteries
38
external carotid artery
supplies structures external to the skull
39
internal carotid artery
supplies internal skull structures
40
carotid sinus
near where the common carotid artery splits (superior border of the thyroid cartilage) it contains pressure sensors which monitor blood pressure
41
baroreceptors
pressure sensors
42
superficial temporal artery
a branch of the external carotid artery that pulsates vigorously when persons have a headache
43
vertebral arteris
emerge from the subclavian arteries and travel through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae before entering the skull through the foramen magnum, where they merge to form the basilar artery
44
circle of willis
cerebral arterial circle. an important anastomosis of arteries around the sella turcica
45
descending thoracic aorta
aortic arch curves and projects inferiorly.
46
bronchial arteries
three or four small arteries that emerge as tiny branches from the anterior wall of the descending thoracic aorta. supply the bronchi, bronchioles, and connective tissue
47
esophageal arteries
several small arteries that emerge from the anterior wall of the descending thoracic aorta and supply the esophagus
48
left gastric artery
supplies arterial blood to the abdominal portion of the esophagus
49
arteries that supply the diaphragm
superior phrenic arteries, musculophrenic arteries, inferior phrenic arteries
50
superior phrenic arteries
arise from the descending thoracic aorta
51
musculophrenic arteries
arise from branches of the subclavian arteries
52
inferior phrenic arteries
emerge from the descending abdominal aorta
53
descending abdominal aorta
when the descending thoracic aorta extend inferior to the diaphragm
54
celiac trunk
located immediately inferior to the aortic opening through the diaphragm.
55
three branches of the celiac trunk
left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery
56
left gastric artery
supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach and extends some branches to the esophagus
57
Splenic artery
supplies the spleen, part of the stomach, and the pancreas.
58
common hepatic artery
supplies the liver, gallbladder, part of the stomach, the duodenum, and the pancreas
59
superior mesenteric artery
located immediately inferior to the celiac trunk. supplies: most of the small intestine, pancreas, proximal portion of the large intestine
60
inferior mesenteric artery
most inferior of the three unpaired arteries that arise from the descending abdominal aorta. supplies: part of the transverse colon, part of the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum.
61
middle suprarenal arteries
supplies each adrenal glad
62
renal arteries
supply each kidney
63
gonadal arteries
supply each gonad
64
where does the descending abdominal aorta bifurcate
fourth lumbar vertebrae
65
What does the descending abdominal aorta bifurcation into
left and right common iliac artery
66
internal iliac artery
branch of the common iliac artery. supplies the pelvic and perineal structures
67
external iliac artery
branch of the common iliac artery. supplies the lower limb
68
what are the main arterial vessels of the upper and lower limbs
subclavian artery for the upper limb | femoral artery for the lower limb
69
subclavian artery
supplies blood to each upper limb
70
where does the right subclavian artery emerge from
the brachiocephalic trunk
71
axillary artery
the subclavian artery after it passes over the lateral border of the first rib
72
brachial artery
the axillary artery passes over the lateral border of the teres major muscle
73
ulnar artery
brachial artery branches in the cubital fossa. courses down the medial side of the forearm
74
radial artery
brachial artery branches in the cubital fossa. courses down the lateral side of the forearm.
75
superficial palmar arch
formed primarily from the ulnar artery
76
deep palmar arch
formed primarily from the radial artery
77
digital arteries
emerge from the arches to supply the fingers
78
external iliac artery
the main arterial supply for the lower limb. is a branch of the common iliac artery
79
femoral artery
external iliac artery after it travels inferior to the inguinal ligament
80
deep femoral artery
emerges from the femoral artery to supply the hip joint and many of the thigh muscles
81
popliteal artery
the femoral artery passed into the region behind the knee. supplies the knee joint and muscles in this region
82
what does the the popliteal artery divide into
anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery
83
anterior tibial artery
supplies the anterior compartment of the leg
84
posterior tibial artery
supplies the posterior compartment of the leg
85
fibular artery
extends from the posterior tibial artery. supplies the lateral compartment of the leg
86
what does the posterior tibial artery branch into
the medial plantar artery and the lateral plantar artery
87
dorsalis pedis artery
anterior tibial artery crossing over the the anterior side of the ankle.
88
plantar arch
the dorsalis pedis artery and a branch of the lateral plantar artery uniting.

Anatomy (21 decks)

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