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Anatomy > Axial skeleton (skull) exam 2 > Flashcards

Axial skeleton (skull) exam 2 Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

What does sphenoid mean

A

Wedge shaped

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2
Q

Another name for sphenoid bone is

A

Bridging bone

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3
Q

Why is the sphenoid the most commonly fractured bone in the skull

A

Its hollow and has numerous foramina

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4
Q

Another name for the sella turcica

A

Turkish sadle

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5
Q

What is housed in the sella turcica

A

inferior portion of the pituitary gland

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6
Q

Head into the dashboard syndrom

A

When sudden traumatic shifting causes the pituitary stalk to be severed

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7
Q

Optic Foramen

A

allows passage of the optic nerve

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8
Q

Roman numeral II (nerve)

A

Optic nerve

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9
Q

Another name for optic foramen

A

optic canal

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10
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

allows passage of the second branch of the trigeminal nerve

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11
Q

Cranial nerve V

A

Trigeminal nerve

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12
Q

Where does the second branch of the trigeminal nerve convey sensation from

A

Teeth and gums of the maxilae

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13
Q

Second division nerve block

A

injection of anesthetic not far from below the foramen rotundum. desensitizes all of the upper teeth on one side of the maxilla

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14
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Allows passage of the third branch of the trigeminal nerve

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15
Q

Where does the third branch of the trigeminal nerve convey sensation from

A

teeth and gums of the mandible

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16
Q

third division nerve block

A

Anesthetic injection fiben on the inner surface of the mandible to deaden feeling in the teeth and gums of the mandible

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17
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Small opening for meningeal blood vessels

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18
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Allows passage of several cranial nerves

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19
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Closed off in a living person. In between petrous region of temporal bone and sphenoid bone.

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20
Q

What does Ethmoid mean

A

like a sieve

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21
Q

Crista galli

A

(cock’s comb) superior part of the ethmoid bone exhibiting a midsagittal elevation

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22
Q

Falx cerebri

A

(sickle-shaped) part of the meninges that partially separates the brain into left and right portions

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23
Q

Cribriform plate

A

(sieve like) numerous foramina that allow passage for fibers of the olfactory nerves to travel from the nose to the brain

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24
Q

Cranial nerve I

A

Olfactory nerves

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25
cribriform plate is prone to fracture which can lead to
leakage of spinal fluid and allow bacteria from the nose access to the meninges resulting in meningitis
26
Meningitis
Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain
27
Perpendicular plate
inferior midline projection of ethmoid bone forming the superior part of the nasal septum.
28
Superior nasal conchae
projection of the ethmoid from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. Also known as turbinates
29
Middle nasal conchae
Projection of the ethmoid from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. Also known as turbinates
30
Inferior nasal conchae
not part of the ethmoid bone. independent facial bones
31
Zygomatic bones
Form the bony prominence of the cheeks and contribute to the lateral margin of the orbits
32
Zygomatic arch
Formed by the articulation of the temporal process of each zygomatic bone with the zygomatic process of each temporal bone
33
Lacrimal bones
form part of the medial wall of each orbit
34
lacrimal means
tear
35
Lacrimal groove
provides a passageway for the nasolacrimal duct, which drains tears into the nasal cavity
36
Where does the tear duct open into the nasal cavity
just inferior to the inferior nasal conchae
37
Nasal bones
form the bridge of the nose up which a pair of eyeglasses would rest
38
What do nasal bones do
support the lateral cartilage, which are the framework of the nose
39
Vomer
contributes to the inferior, posterior portion of the nasal septum
40
What does vomer mean
plowshare
41
Complete nasal septum consists of
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer bone, small amount of anterior cartilage (septal cartilage)
42
What is kind of cartilage is septal cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
43
What are the conchae (turbinates) covered with
highly vascular moist mucous membranes
44
palatine bones
small bones with a distinct L shape. for the posterior third of the hard palate, contribute to the posterior walls and floor of the nasal cavity, and make a small contribution to the floor of the orbits
45
Maxillae
Unite the midline to form the upper jaw
46
What does maxillae mean
Jawbone
47
Alveoli
small sockets for teeth
48
Alveolar processes
bone that supports the alveoli
49
Infraorbital foramen
provides passage of a blood vessel and a nerve
50
Palatine processes
horizontal projections that form the greater portion of the hard palate
51
cleft palate
When the palatine processes fail to join during early prenatal development (10-12 weeks)
52
Maxillary sinus
lateral to the nasal cavity, drains into the nasal cavity through an opening that is high and medial
53
Crepitus
a cracking sound caused by the escape of air under the skin. happens often when the maxillary sinus is fractured
54
Blowout fracture
When the eye or muscles that move the eye drop down into the maxillary sinus
55
mandible
entire lower jaw
56
Body of the mandible
Horse shoe shaped front and horizontal sides of the mandible
57
Rami of the mandible
extend vertically from the posterior portion of the body
58
What does Rami mean
branches
59
mandibular condyle
Articulates with the mandibular fossa on the inferior squamous portion of the temporal bone
60
temporomandibular joint
articulation of mandibular condyle with the mandibular fosa
61
Coronoid of mandible
attachment site for muscles that close the jaw
62
mandibular notch
U-shaped depression between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid
63
angle of the mandible
curved part that connects the body to the rami
64
mental foramen
penetrate the body on each side of the chin and allow passage of nerves and blood vessels
65
mandibular foramen
penetrate the medial side of each ramus.
66
What nerve goes through the mandibular foramen
the third branch of the trigeminal nerve
67
nasal complex
composed of bones and cartilage that enclose the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses
68
roof of the nasal complex is composed of
nasal bones, cribriform plates of ethmoid bone, parts of the frontal and sphenoid bones
69
floor of the nasal complex is composed of
palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones
70
Lateral walls of the nasal complex are composed of
ethmoid, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae, palatine, and lacrimal bones
71
anterior portion of the nasal septum is
septal nasal cartilage
72
superior portion of the nasal septum is
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
73
inferior portion of the nasal septum is
vomer bone
74
What are the paranasal sinuses
Ethmoidal, frontal, sphenoidal, and maxillary
75
paranasal sinuses are lined with
mucus and cilia
76
What do the sinuses do
humidify and warm inhaled air, give resonance to the voice, and help lighten the skull
77
bones the contribute to the orbit are
frontal, sphenoid, maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid
78
What are the auditory ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes
79
hyoid bone
slender, U-shaped bone located inferior to the skull between the mandible and the larynx. does not attach to any other bone but is suspended by ligaments
80
fontanelles
large membranous areas of the skull that provide spaces between the developing bones
81
another name for fontanelles
soft spots
82
What does fontanelle mean
little spring
83
molding
the shifting of cranial bones during parturition
84
parurition
child birth
85
when do fontanels usually ossify
by 15-24 months
86
what does sunken fontanels mean
dehydration
87
What does bulging fontanels mean
meningitis and increased intracranial pressure
88
When does the coronal suture fuse
usually in late 20's to early 30's
89
When does the sagittal suture fuse
usually in the 40's
90
When does the lambdoidal suture fuse
usually in the 40's
91
when does the squamosal suture fuse
late 60's or not at all

Anatomy (21 decks)

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