digestive system 1

Question 1

digestive system includes organs that

Answer 1

ingest food, transport food, digest the food into small usable components, absorb the necessary nutrients into the blood stream, expel the waste products from the body

Question 2

GI tract includes

Answer 2

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 3

accessory digestive organs

Answer 3

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 4

ingestion

Answer 4

introduction of solid and liquid nutrients into the oral cavity

Question 5

digestion

Answer 5

breakdown of large food items into smaller structures and molecules

Question 6

mechanical digestion

Answer 6

physically breaks down ingested materials into smaller pieces

Question 7

mastication

Answer 7

chewing

Question 8

chemical digestion

Answer 8

breaks down ingested molecules into smaller molecules by using enzymes

Question 9

propulsion

Answer 9

materials moving through the GI tract

Question 10

peristalsis

Answer 10

muscular contraction that forms ripples along part of the GI tract

Question 11

segmentation

Answer 11

churning and mixing movements in the small intestine which help dispense the material being ingested and combine it with intestinal secretions

Question 12

secretion

Answer 12

process of producing and releasing fluid products, such as acid, bile, digestive enzymes, and mucin

Question 13

absorption

Answer 13

involves either passive movement or active transport of electrolytes, digestion products, vitamins, and water across the GI tract

Question 14

elimation

Answer 14

pooping

Question 15

oral cavity

Answer 15

mouth

Question 16

gingivae

Answer 16

gums

Question 17

labial frenulum

Answer 17

a thin mucosal fold in the midline that holds the lips to the ginivae

Question 18

lingual frenulum

Answer 18

thin vertical mucous membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

Question 19

how much saliva is produced dailty

Answer 19

1 to 1.5 liters

Question 20

salivary amylase

Answer 20

begins chemical digestion by breaking down starch

Question 21

lysozyme

Answer 21

antibodies in saliva that helps inhibit bacterial growth in the oral cavity

Question 22

parotid salivary glands

Answer 22

largest salivary gland. located anterior and inferior to the ear, partially overlying the masseter muscle

Question 23

parotid duct

Answer 23

carries the saliva to the oral cavity, travels parallel to the zygomatic arch and opens into the vestibule of the oral cavity near the second upper molar

Question 24

submandibular salivary glands

Answer 24

inferior to the body of the mandible and they prodcue most of the saliva for the mouth

Question 25

submandibular duct

Answer 25

opens from each gland in the floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the lingual frenulum

Question 26

sublingual salivary glands

Answer 26

inferior to the tongue and internal to the oral caivty mucosa

Question 27

what primarily innervates the salivary glands

Answer 27

parasympathetic division of teh autonomic nervous system

Question 28

What innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands

Answer 28

CN VII

Question 29

What innervates the parotid glands

Answer 29

CN IX

Question 30

teeth are collectively known as

Answer 30

dentition

Question 31

crown

Answer 31

exposed part of tooth

Question 32

neck

Answer 32

constricted part

Question 33

roots

Answer 33

are anchored into the jaw

Question 34

dental alveoli

Answer 34

sockets within alveolar process of both the maxillae and the mandible

Question 35

deciduous teeth

Answer 35

20 of them. are the baby teeth

Question 36

permanent teeth

Answer 36

32 of them.

Question 37

incisors

Answer 37

front four teeth

Question 38

canines

Answer 38

vampire teeth

Question 39

premolars

Answer 39

bicuspids

Question 40

molars

Answer 40

thickest and most posteriorly placed teeth

Question 41

molars

Answer 41

thickest and most posteriorly placed teeth

Question 42

skeletal muscle pairs that form the wall of the pharynx

Answer 42

superior pharyngeal constrictors, middle pharyngeal constrictors, inferior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 43

intraperitoneal organs

Answer 43

stomach, jejunum and ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse and sigmoid colon

Question 44

retroperitoneal organs

Answer 44

kidneys, pancreas, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, bladder

Question 45

mesenteries

Answer 45

double-layered folds of peritoneum that support and stabilize the intraperitoneal GI tract organs

Question 46

greater omentum

Answer 46

extends inferiorly like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach and covers most of the abdominal organs

Question 47

lesser omentum

Answer 47

connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal end of the duodenum to the liver

Question 48

mesentery proper

Answer 48

fan-shaped fold of peritoneum that suspends most of the small intestine from the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall

Question 49

mesocolon

Answer 49

fold in the peritoneum that attaches parts of the large intestine to the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall

Question 50

peritoneal ligament

Answer 50

a type of mesentery that attaches one organ to another organ, or attaches an organ to the anterior or lateral abdominal wall

Question 51

mucosa

Answer 51

deepest tunic of the GI tract. has absorptive and secretory function and contains: superficial epithelium, connective tissue, thin layer of smooth muscle

Question 52

submucosa

Answer 52

dense irregular connective tissue and which contains: accumulations of lymphatic tissue, mucin-secreting glands, many large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, nerve plexuses

Question 53

muscularis

Answer 53

contains two layers of muscle: an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.

Question 54

adventitia

Answer 54

composed of loose connective tissue with dispersed collagen and connective tissue with dispersed collagen and elastic fibers

Question 55

serosa

Answer 55

same components as adventitia, but is covered by visceral peritoneum

Question 56

what organs are covered by serosa

Answer 56

intraperitoneal organs

Question 57

what organs are covered by serosa

Answer 57

intraperitoneal organs

Question 58

what promotes digestive system activity

Answer 58

parasympathetic innervation

Question 59

what inhibits digestive system activity

Answer 59

sympathetic innervation