individual 3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the two main traits defined by the Five-Factor Model?
Extraversion and Neuroticism
The Five-Factor Model is a widely accepted framework for understanding personality traits.
What is the key focus of Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST)?
Sensitivity of three brain-behavior systems: BAS, BIS, FFFS
BAS is linked to reward sensitivity, BIS to novelty and punishment responses, and FFFS to immediate threats.
List the three brain-behavior systems in Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory.
- Behavioural Activation System (BAS)
- Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)
- Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS)
Each system plays a role in personality traits and responses to stimuli.
What does a high Behavioral Activation System (BAS) indicate about a person?
More likely to seek rewards, exhibit traits of Extraversion and Sensation-Seeking
BAS is associated with goal-directed behavior and impulsivity.
How is Neuroticism related to the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)?
High BIS activity is associated with Neuroticism and Anxiety
BIS regulates responses to novelty and punishment.
What are the facets of Extraversion?
- Gregariousness
- Activity levels
- Assertiveness
- Excitement-seeking
- Positive emotions
- Warmth
These facets help characterize individuals with high Extraversion.
What are the facets of Neuroticism?
- Anxiety
- Self-consciousness
- Depression
- Vulnerability
- Impulsiveness
- Angry hostility
These facets reflect the emotional instability associated with Neuroticism.
What role does dopamine play in reward processing?
Involved in motivation and pleasure associated with rewards
Dopamine is released in response to potential rewards and reinforces behavior.
What is the Mesolimbic pathway?
Dopamine pathway from the VTA to the Nucleus Accumbens
It is crucial for the brain’s reward processing.
How does cocaine affect the brain’s reward pathways?
- Blocks dopamine reuptake
- Overstimulates reward circuits
- Increases NAcc activity
- Hijacks motivation and learning systems
Cocaine leads to heightened pleasure and motivation, contributing to addiction.
What are the short-term effects of cocaine on the reward system?
- Intense euphoria
- Confidence
- Alertness
- Increased motivation
- Suppressed fatigue and hunger
These effects contribute to the drug’s appeal.
What are the long-term effects of cocaine on the reward system?
- Dopamine system desensitization
- Reduced natural reward sensitivity
- Increased risk of addiction
- Mood disorders
Chronic use leads to significant changes in brain function.
What does higher Extraversion correlate with during reward anticipation?
Greater dopamine activity
This suggests that Extraverts are more responsive to rewards.
What brain region is linked to Extraversion and is part of the reward system?
Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC)
The OFC correlates with reward processing and personality traits.
What is the Cybernetic Big Five Theory’s view on Extraversion?
Linked to motivation for rewards and enjoyment of rewards
Suggests dopamine increases wanting of rewards, while the opioid system may be responsible for pleasure.
What is the defensive distress system associated with Neuroticism?
Involves the Amygdala, ACC, and Insula
This system is engaged in negative emotional responses.
What is a key function of the Amygdala in relation to Neuroticism?
Regulates fear, anxiety, and aggression
Hyperactivity in the amygdala is linked to various anxiety disorders.
How does Neuroticism affect emotional responses?
Higher Neuroticism = greater emotional reactivity to stress
This is linked to sympathetic nervous system activation.
What assessment methods exist for measuring Extraversion and Neuroticism?
- Self-report questionnaires
- Behavioral measures
- Performance tasks
- Implicit measures
Each method provides different insights into personality traits.
What does the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) measure?
Risk-taking behavior
Higher scores on BART are linked to sensation-seeking and risky behavior.
What is the relationship between Sensation-Seeking and Extraversion?
Sensation-Seeking is linked to Extraversion but is distinct from the Big Five
Zuckerman’s Model proposes alternative traits related to sensation-seeking.
What does the Implicit Association Test (IAT) measure?
Automatic personality biases
It helps assess traits without relying on self-report biases.
True or False: Neuroticism is linked to positive emotional responses.
False
Neuroticism is associated with negative affect and distress.
What is the link between personality traits and neurobiology?
Personality traits are rooted in neurobiology
Understanding these links can enhance psychological and medical approaches.
