individual 4 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is Openness to Experience as defined by the Five-Factor Model (FFM)?
A personality trait characterized by imagination, curiosity, and openness to new experiences
Openness to Experience involves an appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, and unusual ideas.
What are the life and health consequences of Openness?
Can lead to higher creativity, greater intellectual engagement, and increased risk of mental health issues
Openness is associated with both positive outcomes, like creativity, and negative outcomes, like increased risk of psychosis.
What are the six facets of Openness to Experience?
- Fantasy
- Aesthetics
- Feelings
- Ideas
- Actions
- Values
Some facets overlap with other personality traits.
What is DeYoung’s concept of ‘plasticity’ in relation to Openness?
Links Openness to extraversion through a tendency towards exploration and sensitivity to rewards
Extraversion relates to behavioral exploration, while Openness relates to cognitive exploration.
What are the two components of DeYoung’s Openness/intellect?
- Openness: cognitive engagement with sensory information
- Intellect: cognitive engagement with abstract ideas
These components reflect different aspects of cognitive exploration.
What is the correlation between Openness to Experience and intelligence?
Correlation score of around 0.3, higher for crystallized intelligence than fluid intelligence
Openness to Experience is distinct from intelligence, representing a unique intellectual style.
What is the ‘Mad Genius’ hypothesis?
The idea that exceptional creativity is often linked to psychological disorders
This concept has historical roots, with Aristotle suggesting a connection between genius and madness.
What did the studies by Kyaga et al. reveal about creativity and mental illness?
- Bipolar disorder linked to higher rates of creativity
- Schizophrenia not linked to creativity, except in artistic occupations
- Unipolar depression not linked to increased creativity
These studies used large-scale registry data to analyze the relationship between creativity and mental health.
What is Latent Inhibition (LI)?
A behavioral mechanism where pre-exposure to a stimulus reduces later learning about it
Low LI is associated with schizophrenia and Openness to Experience.
How is reduced Latent Inhibition linked to creativity?
Individuals with low LI often exhibit increased creative achievement, especially in high IQ individuals
This suggests a complex relationship where reduced LI may facilitate creative thought.
What role does dopamine play in Openness to Experience?
Linked to exploratory behavior and curiosity; reduced LI is associated with increased dopaminergic activity
Dopamine’s role in creativity and exploration has been documented in animal research.
What is the relationship between Openness to Experience and psychoticism in the DSM-5?
Openness is correlated with psychoticism, intelligence, creativity, and increased risk of psychosis
This suggests a complex interplay between personality traits and mental health outcomes.
Fill in the blank: The core of openness seems to be a _______ cognitive style that seeks novelty and complexity.
divergent
This cognitive style makes associations between seemingly unrelated domains.
True or False: High Openness is always associated with high intelligence.
False
Openness is a distinct trait and does not equate to intelligence.
What is reduced Latent Inhibition associated with?
Increased dopaminergic activity
Reference: Kumari et al., 1999.
What do successful pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia primarily involve?
Blockade of striatal dopamine receptors
Reference: Kapur & Remington, 2001.
In the study by Vaitl et al. (2002), what was observed in unmedicated schizophrenic patients regarding latent inhibition?
Reduced latent inhibition
Healthy controls and medicated patients showed latent inhibition.
How is Extraversion linked to the dopaminergic system?
It is linked to the value-coding dopaminergic system.
What three characteristics are linked to ‘Openness/Intellect’ according to DeYoung and colleagues?
- Code for salience
- Activated by both positive and negative information
- Innervate different brain regions than the value-coding dopaminergic neuron.
What is the link between low Latent Inhibition and creativity according to Carson et al. (2003)?
Low LI is linked to creativity.
