Flashcards in IV therapy Deck (16)
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1
isotonic solutions
250-375 mOsm/L
- NS (0.9% NaCl)
- D5W (5% dextrose in water)
- Ringer's lactate
2
Hypotonic solns
below 250 mOsm/L
- 0.45% NaCl (1/2 NS)
fluid leaves blood -> cells (hydrates cells, lowers blood Na+, can cause HYPOTENSION)
3
Hypertonic solns
over 375 mOsm/L
- most vitamin/mineral infusions
can cause circulatory overload, irritates vein walls, may be painful --> give slowly (1-5 mL/min); use large vein (not hand)
4
Osmolarity calculation
[(Vol (mL) x mOsm/mL) / Vol] x 1000
5
Tx for Phlebitis
= redness/swelling of vein. this occurs commonly (less common in short infusions); 100% (high) risk with hypertonic >600 mOsm; moderate risk 450-600 mOsm, low risk 150-450 mOsm
Tx: prevention, slow IV, flush with NS, D/C line, apply ice
6
pH for blood, pH for IV mixtures
blood 7.35-7.45
IV should be b/w 5-9
7
What IV nutrients does Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) interact with
- EDTA
- Mg+
8
What problem can Rauwolfia/Reserpine cause when IV nutrients are given
makes autonomic response to sudden hypotnesion (Mg, Ca, EDTA) SLOW or impossible
9
Beta blockers interact with what IV nutrient
Magnesium
10
Most common IV nutrient cause of hypoglycemia
high dose IV Vit C and EDTA chelation (have Pt eat during these)
11
What IV nutrients will reverse hypoglycemia?
D5W infusion OR slow push of D-50 (50% dextrose) -- 5-50 mL D50 will reverse
12
effect of isotonic soln on intravascular compartment (blood) & fluid overload potential
increases volume of blood (hydrates ECF); MODERATE fluid overload potential
13
effect of hypotonic soln on intravascular compartment (blood) & fluid overload potential
dehydrates blood (moves to cells); NO fluid overload potential
14
effect of hypertonic soln on intravascular compartment (blood) & fluid overload potential
greatly increases volume (dehydrates cells); HIGH potential for fluid overload
15
D5W isotonic or hypotonic
both - starts isotonic but can act hypotonic if Pt metabolizes sugar quickly
16
