KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST part 2

Question 1

This refers to the concentration of urea as a whole molecule not just by the nitrogen portion.

Answer 1

Urea concentration test

Question 2

The values of Urea is often obtained via?

Answer 2

Direct methods

Question 3

What is the equation that is used to convert BUN in the equation?

Answer 3

Urea concentration = BUN x 2.14

Question 4

How is 2.14 obtained?

Answer 4

It is derived from:
- molecular weight of 2 nitrogen atoms in urea.

Question 5

The stability of Urea in Serum can lasts up to?

Answer 5

24hrs at room temp
several days: 2 - 6°C
2 - 3 months when frozen

Question 6

These substances inhibits the urease enzyme

Answer 6

Fluoride and Citrate

Question 7

This is contradicted in the assay

Answer 7

Double oxalate

Question 8

If urea in serum is left standing for a prolonged period, what would happen?

Answer 8

Due to deamination, the NH3 concentration would increase 2-3 times.

Question 9

Do lipemia and hemolysis interfere with urea concentration test?

Answer 9

No.

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE:
Ammonium containing anticoagulant should not be used in urea concentration test.

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE:
In Urea concentration test, fasting sample is required.

Answer 11

FALSE; Not required

Question 12

This method measure urea by converting it first to ammonium ions using urease.

Answer 12

Indirect method / Enzymatic

Question 13

What happens in the initial reaction of indirect/ enzymatic method?

Answer 13

The urease converts urea to ammonium ions and carbonate ions/ carbon dioxide

Question 14

What happen in the secondary reaction of indirect/ enzymatic method?

Answer 14

It quantifies ammonium ions that formed after the initial reaction

Question 15

Where in urease often derived?

Answer 15

Jack bean meal

Question 16

What is the color dimercuric ammonium iodide.

Answer 16

Yellow-orange

Question 17

This is the conversion of unionized urea into ammonium and bicarbonate and it measures the increase in conductivity rate.

Answer 17

Beckman BUN analyzer

Question 18

Beckman BUN analyzer is based from?

Answer 18

Conductivity generated when NH4 ions and HCO3 are produced from the reaction of urease on urea.

Question 19

The Beckman BUN analyzer in monitored by?

Answer 19

Conductivity electrode

Question 20

Urastrat Strip Method is based on?

Answer 20

Chromatography

Question 21

What travels up the urastrat strip?

Answer 21

Serum or plasma

Question 22

What are the reactants involved in Urastrat Strip Method?

Answer 22

Urease
K2CO3
BGC-Tartaric acid

Question 23

What is the formula of BUN mg/dL every 30 minutes?

Answer 23

Height of color change (mm) x 5 + 10

Question 24

What is the reference method for DAM?

Answer 24

Fearon

Question 25

If Urea is combined with diketone/DAM + strong acid + heat. What would be the product?

Answer 25

An unstable photosensitive yellow complex known as DIAZINE.

Question 26

Diazine can be measured at what wavelength?

Answer 26

540 nm

Question 27

How is diacetyl produced?

Answer 27

Diacetyl monoxime hydrolyzes in the presence of acid.

Question 28

What substance does Diacetyl reacts to produce a diazine derivative?

Answer 28

Urea

Question 29

What is the color of a diazine derivative?

Answer 29

Pink/Yellow

Question 30

What is the reference method for Urea?

Answer 30

Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry

Question 31

It is a biochemical abnormality pertaining to increase NPN compounds which is creatinine and Urea defining GFR effect,

Answer 31

Azotemia

Question 32

This refers to the increased plasma urea, creatinine and uric acid concentration. It has an involvement such as renal failure.

Answer 32

Uremia