Protein part 3

Question 1

What is the normal A/G ratio?

Answer 1

1.3 - 3:1

Question 2

liver diseases, infectious diseases, multiple myeloma,

Answer 2

Low A/G ratio

Question 3

• complexes with trypsin in blood to inactivate it
• Accounts to the majority of the alpha 1 globulins.

Answer 3

a-1-antitrypsin

Question 4

increased in amniotic fluid and maternal serum in neural tube defects (spina bifida)

Answer 4

b. a-1-fetoprotein

Question 5

• Liver tumor marker

Answer 5

b. a-1-fetoprotein

Question 6

• Decreased in maternal serum during pregnancy associated with Down’s syndrome

Answer 6

b. a-1-fetoprotein

Question 7

• Carrier for steroid hormones

Answer 7

c. a-1-acid glycoprotein

Question 8

• Binds free hemoglobin

Answer 8

Haptoglobin

Question 9

acute phase and nephrotic syndrome

Answer 9

Haptoglobin increases

Question 10

Haptoglobin decreases in?

Answer 10

hemolysis and liver disease

Question 11

transports heme

Answer 11

Hemopexin

Question 12

Contains copper but does not transport it

Answer 12

Ceruloplasmin (oxidase)

Question 13

Transport copper

Answer 13

Blue alpha 2 globulin

Question 14

• ____________ copper in plasma is bound to ceruloplasmin

Answer 14

90-95%

Question 15

acute phase and pregnancy and in Wilson’s disease

Answer 15

Ceruloplasmin decreases

Question 16

Associated with low ceruloplasmin levels leading to low serum copper and copper overload in tissues (will have deposits)

Answer 16

Wilson’s disease

Question 17

• Carrier for iron (transferrin) and lipids (lipoproteins)

Answer 17

Beta-globulins

Question 18

Identical to light chains excreted in the urine of the patients with multiple myeloma

Answer 18

Bence Jones Proteins

Question 19

Bence Jones Proteins precipitate at ___________ and dissolves at _____________?

Answer 19

40-60◦C
100◦C

Question 20

method used when identifying Bence Jones proteins

Answer 20

Immunofixation

Question 21

Heme containing protein found in the striated skeletal and cardiac muscles

Answer 21

Myoglobin

Question 22

Can be used as a marker for acute myocardial infection

Answer 22

Myoglobin

Question 23

Myoglobin rises, peaks and returns to normal at?

Answer 23

• Rises at 1-3hrs ;
• Peaks at 5-12hrs and
• returns to normal in 18-30hrs

Question 24

Specific for heart muscles

Answer 24

The cardiac isoforms of TNI AND TnT

Question 25

Cardiac Troponin T rises, peaks and remains elevated at?

Answer 25

- Rises within 3-4hrs; - Peaks at 10-24hrs and - remains elevated up to 10-14 days

Question 26

Cardiac Troponin I rises, peaks and remains elevated at?

Answer 26

- Rises within 3-6hrs; - Peaks at 14-24hrs and - returns to normal in 5-10 days.

Question 27

* Specimen preferred for protein determination

Answer 27

SERUM

Question 28

* Protein in the CSF is less than _______ compared to plasma protein.

Answer 28

1%

Question 29

Direct optical method's absorbance of UV light is at _____ or __________ and ___________

Answer 29

225nm 210nm 210-290nm

Question 30

Is used to measure protein concentration and this applied to monitor chromatography separation of peptide and proteins.

Answer 30

Direct optical method

Question 31

What is the average nitrogen content of protein?

Answer 31

16%

Question 32

The actual Nitrogen content of serum protein ranges from___________

Answer 32

15.1 to 16.8.

Question 33

Some ref prefer _________ which is the average Nitrogen content of different protein

Answer 33

6.54

Question 34

Multiply N by?

Answer 34

6.25

Question 35

* Albumin : ______ * Alpha: _____ * Beta: _______ * Gamma Globulin: _____

Answer 35

* Albumin : 6.53 * Alpha: 6.63 * Beta: 6.78 * Gamma Globulin: 6.52

Question 36

Nitrogen is converted into NH3 by using?

Answer 36

H2SO4

Question 37

INTERFERENCES THAT CAN BE ENCOUNTERED IN KJELDAHL METHOD?

Answer 37

a. NPN (Nonprotein Nitrogen) b. Urea c. Amino acids

Question 38

What are the steps in Kjeldahl method?

Answer 38

Initial precipitation Acid digestion Ammonium ions

Question 39

In the initial precipitation, - Serum proteins are precipitated using organic acids such as ____________?

Answer 39

Trichloroacetic acid/ Tungstic acid

Question 40

- Serum proteins are precipitated using organic acids such as Trichloroacetic acid/ Tungstic acid

Answer 40

Initial precipitation

Question 41

In what way does ammonium ions are released from Nitrogen?

Answer 41

Heating with sulfuric acid in the presence of a catalyst at 340-360C

Question 42

To release ammonium ions from Nitrogen containing compounds by heating with Sulfuric acid in the presence of a catalyst (Cupric sulfate, Potassium sulfate, Hydrogen peroxide with Mercury or copper) at 340-360◦C

Answer 42

Acid digestion

Question 43

Ammonium formed are quantitated by alkalization- distillation- acid titration or Nesslerization is done using Alkali Boric acid and HCl whereas Nesslerization is used using Kinhgi2

Answer 43

Ammonium ions

Question 44

by alkalization- distillation- acid titration or Nesslerization is done using?

Answer 44

Alkali Boric acid and HCl and KINHGI2