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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (LEC) > LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS part 2 > Flashcards

LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cholesterol evaluates risk for these diseases.

A

atherosclerosis, myocardial and coronary arterial occlusions.

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2
Q

What are the tests involved in cholesterol?

A

Thyroid, liver and renal function tests

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3
Q

Cholesterol diagnoses and manage __________.

A

Lipoprotein disorders

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4
Q

What are the forms of Cholesterol?

A

Cholesterol Ester
Free cholesterol

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5
Q

CE is AKA as?

A

Esterified cholesterol

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6
Q

CE accounts for approximately __________ of the total cholesterol in the body

A

60-70%

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7
Q

What is the composition of CE?

A

Cholesterol ring and Fatty acid

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8
Q

CE can be found in?

A

Plasma and serum

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9
Q

CE is bound to?

A

FA

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10
Q

CE is a ______ lipid

A

Neutral

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11
Q

CE undergoes _____________ by LCAT

A

Esterification

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12
Q

Transcribe LCAT

A

Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyl Transferase

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13
Q

LCAT is present in __________?

A

Human plasma

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14
Q

What part of body organ LCAT is synthesized?

A

Liver

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15
Q

LCAT enables __________ to accumulate __________ as ____________

A

HDL
cholesterol
cholesterol ester

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16
Q

FC accounts to approximately ________ of the cholesterol in the body

A

30-40%

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17
Q

FC is also referred to as?

A

unesterified cholesterol

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18
Q

What is the composition of FC?

A

Cholesterol ring

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19
Q

Where is FC found?

A

Serum
Plasma
RBC
Surface of lipoprotein

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20
Q

FC is a ____________ alcohol

A

polar non-esterified

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21
Q

____________ is measured rather than its forms

A

TC concentration

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22
Q

increases at 2 mg/dL/year between 45 to 65 years old.

A

Serum total cholesterol

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23
Q

How many Serum total cholesterol mg/dL increases per year if an individual is between 45-65 years old?

A

2 mg/dL

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24
Q

Between serum and plasma, which of the two is preferred?

A

Serum

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25
Q

What is the principle of chemical methods?

A

Dehydration and oxidation of cholesterol to form a colored compound.

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26
Q

What are the types of chemical methods to detect cholesterol?

A

Liebermann Burchardt Reaction
Salkowski Reaction

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27
Q

What is the end product and reagent used in Liebermann Burchard Reaction?

A

End product:
- Cholestadienyl Monosulfonic Acid
Reagen used:
- Liebermann Burchard Reagent

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28
Q

What is the end product of Salkowski Reaction?

A

Cholestadienyl Disulfonic Acid

29
Q

What are the general methods of detecting Cholesterol?

A

One-step Method Colorimetry
Two-Step Method
Three-step method
Four-step method

30
Q

One-step method colorimetry is AKA?

A

Zlatkis zak and boyle method

31
Q

One-step method colorimetry is a rapid or slow method?

A

Rapid

32
Q

One-step method colorimetry is subjected to _____________ and _______________ interferences.

A

Protein and chromogen

33
Q

What is the problem between FC and CE in using one-step method colorimetry?

A

Color differences

34
Q

Two-step Method is AKA?

A

Carr and Drekter method

35
Q

Extraction + Colorimetry = ____________

A

Bloors method

36
Q

What is the problem between FC and CE in using two-step method?

A

Chromogen interferences and color differences

37
Q

In two-step method protein __________ is removed.

A

Interferences

38
Q

This method is the most common method.

A

Three-step method

39
Q

________________ + __________________ + ___________ = Abell Kendal Method

A

Saponification + Extraction + Colorimetry

40
Q

Saponification + Extraction + Colorimetry = ___________

A

Abell Kendal Method

41
Q

What is fully removed in the Three-step method?

A

Color differences between FC and CE
Protein interference

42
Q

What is partially removed in Three-step method?

A

Chromogen interferences

43
Q

Saponification + Extraction + Precipitation + Colorimetry = ______________________

A

Schoenheimer, Sperry, Parekh and Jung Method

44
Q

What is removed in Four-step method?

A

Protein interferences
chromogen interferences
Color differences between FC and CE

45
Q

What are the general steps in chemical methods of total cholesterol analysis?

A

Step 1: Extraction
Step 2: Saponification
Step 3: Purification
Step 4: Colorimetry

46
Q

What happens in step 1?

A

Separate cholesterol from protein and VV.

47
Q

What is the reagent used in step 1?

A

Bloors reagent

48
Q

Bloors reagent is composed of?

A

Ethanol and ether

49
Q

What is the ratio of the composition of bloors reagent?

A

3:1

50
Q

Aside from bloors reagent, these reagents can also be used in step 1. What are these?

A

Chloroform and hexane

51
Q

to extract all form of cholesterol leaving behind most of the sterols

A

Adsorption `

52
Q

What is the reagent used in Adsorption?

A

Zeolite

53
Q

Saponification AKA?

A

Hydrolysis

54
Q

Step 2: __________ after extraction are then hydrolyzed into ____________ and ___________

A

cholesteryl esters
FC
free fatty acids

55
Q

What is the reagent used in the saponification method?

A

Alcoholic potassium hydroxide

56
Q

What happens in step 3?

A

Precipitate free cholesterol
Remove errors of non-specific chromogen interferences

57
Q

What is the reagent used in step 3?

A

Digitonin

58
Q

What is the use of step 3?

A
  • To measure cholesterol before and after digitonin treatment
  • determine cholesterol fraction
59
Q

Colorimetry is measured using?

A

Spectrometrically

60
Q

Colorimetry is for?

A

Color development

61
Q

What is the reagent used in colorimetry method?

A
  • Color reagent
  • Liebermann Burchard Reaction and Salkowski reaction
62
Q

what is the reagent of LBM?

A

Acetic anhydride
Sulfuric acid

63
Q

What is the end color of LBM?

A

Green

64
Q

If LBM is not stable what is needed to be added?

A

Sodium sulfate measured at 620nm

65
Q

What is the reagent for Salkowski method?

A

Sulfuric acid
Ferric iron

66
Q

What is the end color of SR?

A

Red

67
Q

What is the reference method for Cholesterol?

A

Abell-Kendall method

68
Q

Hydrolysis with __________________ then extract it with ________, the extract is then dried in ______________ , the dried extract then treated with the _____________ which is composed of ___________________________ then this would be read at ______________

A

alcoholic potassium hydroxide
hexane
vacuole
Liebermann Burchard Reaction
acetic acid + acetic anhydride + sulfuric acid
620 nm after 30 minutes

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (LEC) (23 decks)

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