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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (LEC) > LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS part 2 > Flashcards

LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cholesterol evaluates risk for these diseases.

A

atherosclerosis, myocardial and coronary arterial occlusions.

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2
Q

What are the tests involved in cholesterol?

A

Thyroid, liver and renal function tests

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3
Q

Cholesterol diagnoses and manage __________.

A

Lipoprotein disorders

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4
Q

What are the forms of Cholesterol?

A

Cholesterol Ester
Free cholesterol

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5
Q

CE is AKA as?

A

Esterified cholesterol

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6
Q

CE accounts for approximately __________ of the total cholesterol in the body

A

60-70%

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7
Q

What is the composition of CE?

A

Cholesterol ring and Fatty acid

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8
Q

CE can be found in?

A

Plasma and serum

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9
Q

CE is bound to?

A

FA

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10
Q

CE is a ______ lipid

A

Neutral

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11
Q

CE undergoes _____________ by LCAT

A

Esterification

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12
Q

Transcribe LCAT

A

Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyl Transferase

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13
Q

LCAT is present in __________?

A

Human plasma

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14
Q

What part of body organ LCAT is synthesized?

A

Liver

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15
Q

LCAT enables __________ to accumulate __________ as ____________

A

HDL
cholesterol
cholesterol ester

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16
Q

FC accounts to approximately ________ of the cholesterol in the body

A

30-40%

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17
Q

FC is also referred to as?

A

unesterified cholesterol

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18
Q

What is the composition of FC?

A

Cholesterol ring

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19
Q

Where is FC found?

A

Serum
Plasma
RBC
Surface of lipoprotein

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20
Q

FC is a ____________ alcohol

A

polar non-esterified

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21
Q

____________ is measured rather than its forms

A

TC concentration

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22
Q

increases at 2 mg/dL/year between 45 to 65 years old.

A

Serum total cholesterol

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23
Q

How many Serum total cholesterol mg/dL increases per year if an individual is between 45-65 years old?

A

2 mg/dL

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24
Q

Between serum and plasma, which of the two is preferred?

A

Serum

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25
What is the principle of chemical methods?
Dehydration and oxidation of cholesterol to form a colored compound.
26
What are the types of chemical methods to detect cholesterol?
Liebermann Burchardt Reaction Salkowski Reaction
27
What is the end product and reagent used in Liebermann Burchard Reaction?
End product: - Cholestadienyl Monosulfonic Acid Reagen used: - Liebermann Burchard Reagent
28
What is the end product of Salkowski Reaction?
Cholestadienyl Disulfonic Acid
29
What are the general methods of detecting Cholesterol?
One-step Method Colorimetry Two-Step Method Three-step method Four-step method
30
One-step method colorimetry is AKA?
Zlatkis zak and boyle method
31
One-step method colorimetry is a rapid or slow method?
Rapid
32
One-step method colorimetry is subjected to _____________ and _______________ interferences.
Protein and chromogen
33
What is the problem between FC and CE in using one-step method colorimetry?
Color differences
34
Two-step Method is AKA?
Carr and Drekter method
35
Extraction + Colorimetry = ____________
Bloors method
36
What is the problem between FC and CE in using two-step method?
Chromogen interferences and color differences
37
In two-step method protein __________ is removed.
Interferences
38
This method is the most common method.
Three-step method
39
________________ + __________________ + ___________ = Abell Kendal Method
Saponification + Extraction + Colorimetry
40
Saponification + Extraction + Colorimetry = ___________
Abell Kendal Method
41
What is fully removed in the Three-step method?
Color differences between FC and CE Protein interference
42
What is partially removed in Three-step method?
Chromogen interferences
43
Saponification + Extraction + Precipitation + Colorimetry = ______________________
Schoenheimer, Sperry, Parekh and Jung Method
44
What is removed in Four-step method?
Protein interferences chromogen interferences Color differences between FC and CE
45
What are the general steps in chemical methods of total cholesterol analysis?
Step 1: Extraction Step 2: Saponification Step 3: Purification Step 4: Colorimetry
46
What happens in step 1?
Separate cholesterol from protein and VV.
47
What is the reagent used in step 1?
Bloors reagent
48
Bloors reagent is composed of?
Ethanol and ether
49
What is the ratio of the composition of bloors reagent?
3:1
50
Aside from bloors reagent, these reagents can also be used in step 1. What are these?
Chloroform and hexane
51
to extract all form of cholesterol leaving behind most of the sterols
Adsorption `
52
What is the reagent used in Adsorption?
Zeolite
53
Saponification AKA?
Hydrolysis
54
Step 2: __________ after extraction are then hydrolyzed into ____________ and ___________
cholesteryl esters FC free fatty acids
55
What is the reagent used in the saponification method?
Alcoholic potassium hydroxide
56
What happens in step 3?
Precipitate free cholesterol Remove errors of non-specific chromogen interferences
57
What is the reagent used in step 3?
Digitonin
58
What is the use of step 3?
- To measure cholesterol before and after digitonin treatment - determine cholesterol fraction
59
Colorimetry is measured using?
Spectrometrically
60
Colorimetry is for?
Color development
61
What is the reagent used in colorimetry method?
- Color reagent - Liebermann Burchard Reaction and Salkowski reaction
62
what is the reagent of LBM?
Acetic anhydride Sulfuric acid
63
What is the end color of LBM?
Green
64
If LBM is not stable what is needed to be added?
Sodium sulfate measured at 620nm
65
What is the reagent for Salkowski method?
Sulfuric acid Ferric iron
66
What is the end color of SR?
Red
67
What is the reference method for Cholesterol?
Abell-Kendall method
68
Hydrolysis with __________________ then extract it with ________, the extract is then dried in ______________ , the dried extract then treated with the _____________ which is composed of ___________________________ then this would be read at ______________
alcoholic potassium hydroxide hexane vacuole Liebermann Burchard Reaction acetic acid + acetic anhydride + sulfuric acid 620 nm after 30 minutes

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (LEC) (23 decks)

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