Lecture 1

Question 1

Mycology

Answer 1

study of fungi

Question 2

Ecology

Answer 2

study of how different organisms interact w their environment

Question 3

Biosphere

Answer 3

consists of all environments on earth that support life

Question 4

All living things on Earth are within the..

Answer 4

biosphere

Question 5

Ecosystems

Answer 5

encompass all living organisms and non living matter existing within a particular environment

Question 6

Ecosystems include ..

Answer 6

all components of the environment with which the living organisms interact (air, soil, sunlight, water)

Question 7

Community

Answer 7

Groups of organisms composed of a number of different species that live within an ecosystem

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

individuals of a particular species within a particular area (all deer living in a forrest)

Question 9

Organism

Answer 9

individual unit of the population (a deer from the deer population)

Question 10

Organ systems

Answer 10

Group of several organs which work together to perform specific functions

Question 11

Organs

Answer 11

structure comprised of tissues which together as a group work to perform specific functions

Question 12

Tissues

Answer 12

made of similar cell types and each tissue has specific function

Question 13

Cells

Answer 13

membrane bound and the individual units of living matter

Question 14

Smallest form of life

Answer 14

cells

Question 15

Molecules

Answer 15

made up of a cluster of atoms

Question 16

Atoms

Answer 16

smallest unit of matter.

Question 17

2 ways in which an ecosystem can be characterized

Answer 17

1. recycling of chemical nutrients

2. energy flow

Question 18

Recycling of chemical nutrients

Answer 18

basic chemical needed for like flow from air and soil to plants, animals and decomposers and then back to the air and soil

Question 19

Energy flow

Answer 19

energy is constantly gained and lost from an ecosystem.

Question 20

With energy flow it enters… and exits..

Answer 20

• enters an ecosystem when light from the sun is absorbed by plants
• exists an ecosystem as heat

Question 21

The cell is the ..

Answer 21

basic unit of life and therefore the lowest structural level capable of performing all activities necessary for life

Question 22

2 main cell types

Answer 22

• prokaryote

- eukaryote

Question 23

Prokaryote

Answer 23

unicellular, smaller than eukaryotic cells, no membrane bound nucleus or organelles

Question 24

Eukaryote

Answer 24

unicellular OR multicellular, membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Question 25

All organisms share a common features which include..

Answer 25

- genetic material present as DNA | - cells are the simplest unit of the organism

Question 26

DNA is organized into functional units called

Answer 26

genes

Question 27

DNA itself is made of individual chemical units called

Answer 27

nucleotides

Question 28

4 nucleotides

Answer 28

- adenine - thymine - guanine - cytosine

Question 29

How many species are named and known

Answer 29

1.8 millnio

Question 30

Estimated true number of species range from

Answer 30

10 - 400 million

Question 31

Taxonomy

Answer 31

branch of biology that names and classifies these species into groups based on similarity

Question 32

All life can be organized into three domains

Answer 32

1. Bacteria (prokaryotes) 2. Archaea (prokaryotes) 3. Eukarya

Question 33

4 kingdoms within domain eukarya

Answer 33

1. protista 2. plantae 3. fungi 4. animalia

Question 34

Kingdom protista

Answer 34

single celled protozoans and algae (single and multicellular)

Question 35

Kingdom plantae

Answer 35

photosynthetic plants

Question 36

Kingdom fungi

Answer 36

molds, yeasts, and mushrooms

Question 37

Kingdom animalia

Answer 37

animals (vertebrates and invertebrates)

Question 38

Charles Darwins idea of evolution

Answer 38

species present today arose from ancestral species

Question 39

Darwin was able to explain unity of life... and diversity of life..

Answer 39

- descent from a common ancestor | - modifications as species diverged from common ancestor

Question 40

Natural selection

Answer 40

individuals within a population have varied traits which are favourable, the ones with the most desirable traits will be able to survive and reproduce and the resulting population will have organisms that have these traits.

Question 41

Adaptations

Answer 41

inherited traits that function to enhance an organisms ability to survive in a specific environment

Question 42

Aristotles view on evolution

Answer 42

species were perfect and permanent

Question 43

Jean Baptiste Lamarck hypothesized ..

Answer 43

in the early 1800s that life forms evolve and evolution took place according to the use and non use of various body parts

Question 44

Darwin's HMS beagle trip

Answer 44

noted the individual islands of the galapagos had species that were diff than those of other islands, but these islands had species similar to but different than those species found on the mainland

Question 45

Darwin's book published in 1858.. and was about..

Answer 45

- "on the origin of species by means of natural selection" | - evidence the present day species arose from ancestors

Question 46

Artificial selection

Answer 46

modification of species by selecting and breeding those individuals that possess desired traits

Question 47

2 key observations of natural selection

Answer 47

- members if a population vary in their traits and most traits are inherited from parents to offspring - all species are capable of producing more offspring than the environment can support