Lecture 2

Question 1

Fossils

Answer 1

provide comparisons between post and present organisms. provides strong evidence for evolution

Question 2

Fossils are replicas of..

Answer 2

organisms

Question 3

6 types of fossils

Answer 3

• fossilized bones
• cast fossils
• trace fossils
• fossilized organic matter
• fossilized by tree resin
• fossilized by ice

Question 4

Fossilized bones

Answer 4

hard parts of the organism containing minerals such as bone may remain as fossils

Question 5

Cast fossils

Answer 5

replicas of the organisms formed when the organism decays and water and dissolved minerals fill it place

Question 6

Trace fossils

Answer 6

foots prints, burrows and other behavioural remnants

Question 7

Fossilized by tree resin

Answer 7

resin hardened into amber preserving the insect by protecting it from decomposition by bacteria and fungi

Question 8

Fossil record

Answer 8

sequence in which fossils appear in the layers of sedimentary rock, relative age of fossil can be determined by which strata its in.

Question 9

Oldest known fossil can be dated back to.. and is..

Answer 9

3.5 billion years ago and is prokaryotes

Question 10

Single celled eukaryotes arose

Answer 10

2.5 billion years ago

Question 11

Multicellular eukaryotes arose

Answer 11

1.5 billion years ago

Question 12

Biogeography

Answer 12

geographical distribution of species also suggest that organisms evolve from common ancestors

Question 13

Comparative anatomy

Answer 13

comparing body structures in different species reveals homology suggesting a common ancestor

Question 14

Homology

Answer 14

similarity of characteristic that results from a common ancestor

Question 15

Homologous structures

Answer 15

structures that are functionally different but have similar structures because of a common ancestor

Question 16

Evidence for evolution

Answer 16

• fossils
• biogeography
• comparative anatomy
• comparative embryology
• molecular biology

Question 17

Comparative embryology

Answer 17

organisms go through similar embryonic stages, compassion of the structures that appear during development of different organisms suggest common ancestry

Question 18

Molecular biology

Answer 18

individuals that arose from a common ancestor have greater similarity in their DNA and protein than do unrelated individuals

Question 19

Evolutionary trees

Answer 19

each branch point represents the common ancestor of the lineages beginning there or to the right of it.

Question 20

Hatch mark in evolutionary trees

Answer 20

represents a homologous characteristic shared by all groups to the right of the mark