Lecture 12: Antebrachium and Carpus

Question 1

carpus vs manus

Answer 1

carpus = bones of wrist
manus = metacarpals and phalanges

Question 2

why do many muscles of forearm move carpus and manus

Answer 2

cross wrist and insert on phalanges

Question 3

3 bones of antebrachium

Answer 3

radius
ulna
carpals

Question 4

5 joints of antebrachium

Answer 4

elbow
carpal
carpo metacarpal
metacarpophalangeal
interphalangeal

Question 5

why is radius palpable through skin

Answer 5

medial aspect of antebrachium not covered by any msucles

Question 6

what part of radius and ulna contribute to the wrist

Answer 6

distal epiphysis

Question 7

what is special about equine ulna/radius

Answer 7

distal ulna fused to distal radius

Question 8

cows often lack which carpal

Answer 8

1

Question 9

proximal row of carpal bones from most medial to lateral

Answer 9

radial
intermediate
ulnar
accessory

Question 10

what do radial and intermediate carpal bones do in dogs

Answer 10

fuse

Question 11

what makes accessory carpal bone special

Answer 11

palpable
looks like an appendage

Question 12

distal row of carpal bones from most medial to lateral

Answer 12

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Question 13

5th carpal bone: specialization

Answer 13

never separate
usually suppressed or fused with 4th carpal bone

Question 14

2nd and 3rd carpal bones: ruminants

Answer 14

fused

Question 15

carpal bones in cows

Answer 15

1st absent
2nd and 3rd fused

Question 16

joints of the wrist: 5

Answer 16

distal radioulnar
antebrachiocarpal
midcarpal
carpometacarpal
intercarpal

Question 17

which joints share a joint capsule: 2 capsules, 4 joints

Answer 17

distal radioulnar + antebrachiocarpal
midcarpal + carpometacarpal

Question 18

ginglymus definition

Answer 18

hinge with some lateral movement

Question 19

what kind of joint is wrist

Answer 19

ginglymus/hinge

Question 20

which wrist joint is very mobile

Answer 20

antebrachiocarpal

Question 21

which wrist joint allows some adduction/abduction

Answer 21

carpometacarpal

Question 22

carpometacarpal joint in ruminants

Answer 22

no movement

Question 23

function of medial and collateral ligaments of wrist

Answer 23

connect arm forearm to carpus

Question 24

3 ligaments in palmar carpus

Answer 24

deep palmar
superficial, transverse
distal ligaments of accessory bone

Question 25

deep palmar ligament

Answer 25

cover entire palmar surface of skeleton hides unevenness of bones

Question 26

superficial transverse ligament aka

Answer 26

flexor retinaculum

Question 27

superficial transverse ligament

Answer 27

completes enclosure of carpal canal conveys flexor tendons from antebrachium

Question 28

distal ligaments of accessory bone

Answer 28

joins accessory bone to adjacent carpal and metacarpals prevents overextension but doesn't interfere with flexion

Question 29

high rise injuries: cause, result

Answer 29

permanently pronated antebrachium causes valgus = outwardly angled elbow joint too much load on capitulum = lateral condyle fracture hyperextension of carpus = torn ligaments

Question 30

muscles that are developmentally dorsal end up

Answer 30

caudal in brachium cranial in antebrachium

Question 31

muscles that are developmentally ventral end up

Answer 31

cranial in brachium caudal in antebrachium

Question 32

compartments that radial nerve innervates

Answer 32

caudal and lateral arm cranial and medial forearm

Question 33

craniolateral compartment of antebrachium: 8 muscles

Answer 33

brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis extensor digitorum communis extensor digitorum lateralis ulnar lateralis = extensor carpi ulnaris abductor digiti I longus extensor digiti I and II supinator

Question 34

craniolateral compartment of antebrachium: ONA

Answer 34

O - lateral epicondyle of humerus N - radial nerve A - extension and supination

Question 35

caudal compartment of antebrachium: 6 muscles

Answer 35

pronator teres pronator quadratus flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus

Question 36

caudal compartment: ONA

Answer 36

O- medial epicondyle of humerus median nerve flexion and pronation

Question 37

flexor carpi radialis: innervation exception

Answer 37

ulnar nerve

Question 38

flexor digitorum profundus: innervation difference

Answer 38

median and ulnar nerves

Question 39

function of retinacula

Answer 39

pulleys to distribute muscle forces direct where force goes make tendon stay close to bone

Question 40

2 retinacula in manus/carpus

Answer 40

flexor retinaculum extensor retinaculum

Question 41

abductor digiti I longus called what in horses (and why)

Answer 41

extensor carpi obliquus no 1st digit

Question 42

extensor carpi obliquus: definition, insertion

Answer 42

abductor digit I longus of dog inserts on medial split bone

Question 43

muscles innervated by radial nerve (general)

Answer 43

carpal and digital extensors ulnaris lateralis

Question 44

muscles innervated by median nerve (general)

Answer 44

flexor muscles of carpus and digit

Question 45

path of median nerve in forearm

Answer 45

down medial surface of arm caudal to axillary and brachial enters forearm over medial collateral ligament of elbow passes deep to flexor carpi radialis and remains deep until reaching the carpus

Question 46

muscles innervated by ulnar nerve (2)

Answer 46

flexor carpi ulnaris part of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 47

path of ulnar nerve in forearm

Answer 47

down brachium beside/united with median nerve splits off by olecranon to cross caudal elbow branches narrows as it continues divides close to accessory carpal bone

Question 48

brachial artery travels with what nerve

Answer 48

median

Question 49

ulnar artery travels with what nerve

Answer 49

ulnar nerve

Question 50

radial artery travels with what nerve

Answer 50

radial

Question 51

most popular vein choice for IV injections

Answer 51

cephalic vein

Question 52

cephalic vein: definition, features, location

Answer 52

follows cranial forearm lies on extensor carpi radialis palpable when raised connected to deep veins at elbow via median cubital vein

Question 53

where should you compress cephalic for IV injections

Answer 53

distal to anastamosis (between cephalic and median cubital veins)

Question 54

carpal tunnel

Answer 54

tendons of digital flexors and median nerve deep to flexor retinaculum constrained by carpal bones

Question 55

which nerve is compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 55

median nerve