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Anatomy II > Lecture 25: Eye and Orbit I > Flashcards

Lecture 25: Eye and Orbit I Flashcards

1
Q

3 tunics of the eye

A

Fibrous
Vascular
Neural

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2
Q

Fibrous tunic: 2 components, location

A

Sclera and cornea
Outermost layer

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3
Q

vascular tunic: position, components

A

2nd layer
Vascularized
Composed of choroid, ciliary body and iris

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4
Q

Layers of cornea from superficial to deep (5)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (can regenerate)
Bowman’s membrane
Collage fibers
Descemet’s (acellular)
Stratified cuboidal epithelium (impermeable)

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5
Q

What happens to collagen fibers in cornea as they mature

A

Become crystalline
Clear for light to pass through

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6
Q

Layers of sclera from superficial to deep (4)

A

Stratified squamous conjunctival epithelium
Episclera with blood vessels
Stroma with thick collagen
Suprachoroid lamina with melanocytes

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7
Q

3 components of vascular tunic

A

Ciliary body
Choroid layer
Iris

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8
Q

Ciliary body

A

Contains ciliary muscle
Changes lens shape for accommodation/focus

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9
Q

Ciliary muscle is under what kind of control

A

Parasympathetic

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10
Q

Choroid layer contains

A

Blood vessels

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11
Q

Anterior layer of iris contains what muscle

A

Constrictor pupillae

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12
Q

Constrictor papillae is under what kind of control

A

Parasympathetic

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13
Q

Oral Serrata definition

A

Junction between retina and ciliary body

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14
Q

Components of neural tunic

A

Orra serrata
Optic retina
Dilator pupillae

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15
Q

Dilator pupillae under what kind of control

A

Sympathetic

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16
Q

Canal of schlemme function

A

Drains aqueous humor from anterior/prelental chamber to venous system

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17
Q

2 regions of lens

A

Prelental
Retrolental

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18
Q

Which region of lens is filled with aqueous humor

A

Prelental

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19
Q

Retrolental region of iris is filled with

A

Vitreous body = gel

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20
Q

Light pathway

A

Cornea —> aqueous humor —> iris —> lens —> vitreous body —> retina

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21
Q

2 types of photoreceptors

A

Rods
Cones

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22
Q

Rods

A

Very sensitive
Vision in light of low intensity predominate
Only 1 type of pigment

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23
Q

Cones: definition

A

Visual acuity and color vision
2 types

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24
Q

2 types of cones

A

Short and medium wavelength sensitivities (blue vs green)

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25
Major of neural tunic is what structure
Retina
26
Retina contains (3)
Photosensitive rods Cones Specialized neurons
27
3 layers of specialized neurons in retina
Plexiform = synaptic contacts Nuclear = neuronal cell bodies (nuclei) Ganglion cell layer = axons leave eye as optic nerve
28
Tapetum lucidum
Part of choroid Reflects photons back to retina to give retina another chance for photoreceptors to capture photons
29
Optic disk is the exit of
Optic nerve
30
Effect of increased intracranial pressure on optic nerve
Squeezes optic nerve Prevents normal blood flow through central retinal vessels Choked disk
31
Effect of constricting lens on light
Reduces light entering eye
32
Effect of changing shape of lens
Increases or reduces refraction of light for focusing
33
How does lens change shape during focus and accommodation
Constriction Dilation Change shape
34
What 4 structures allow lens to focus/accommodate
Ciliary muscle fibers Dilator papillae Constrictor papillae Zonular fibers/suspensory ligaments
35
Zonular fibers functions (2)
Attach lens capsule to ciliary body Can pull equator of eye to make eye more flat
36
Benefit of rounder lens
Focus on nearer object
37
Benefit of flatter lens
Focus on more distant objects
38
Parasympathetic stimulation of ciliary muscle
Contraction
39
Relationship of ciliary muscle and Zonular fibers
When ciliary muscle is contracted, Zonular fibers relax
40
When object is far away: effect on ciliary muscle, Zonular fibers, lens shape
Ciliary muscle relaxed Zonular fibers under tension Lens stretched thin to refract light for distant vision
41
When object is nearby: effect on ciliary muscle, zonular fibers, lens shape
Ciliary muscle contracted Zonular fibers relax Lens more spherical/thicker to refract light for near vision **parasympathetic stimulation
42
2 muscles that control pupil diameter
Dilator papillae Constrictor pupillary
43
Lateral wall of orbit formed by what muscle
Temporalis
44
Orbital septum
Connective tissue sheet around eyelids Goes to wall of orbit
45
Tarsus: eyelid
Fibrous structure for rigidity
46
What is embedded in tarsal plates of eyelid
Tarsal/meibomian glands
47
Tarsal/meibomian glands: location, definition, functions
In tarsal plate Modified sebaceous glands that secrete oily substance Increases viscosity of tears, decreases tear evaporation from surface of eye
48
What nerve controls eyelid
Facial nerve
49
Chalazion
Inflammation/blockage of meibomian glands
50
Meibomian gland tumors
Growth of meibomian gland can disrupt normal irrigation of cornea Gland still produces substance despite blockage
51
What 2 structures form conjunctival sac when eye is closed
Bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva
52
Inner eyelids and eye covered in __________
Conjunctiva
53
conjunctiva epithelial type
Non keratinized stratified squamous WITH GOBLET CELLS
54
Bulbar vs palpebral conjunctiva
Bulbar = surface, eyes closed Palpebral = eye opened
55
Conjunctivitis often affects which conjunctiva
Palpebral
56
Function of commissures and canthi
Anchor eyelids Meetings sites of upper and lower eyelids
57
2 types of commissaries and canthi
Lateral and medial
58
Nictitating membrane aka
Third eyelid
59
Nictitiating membrane/3rd eyelid: location, function
Deep to upper and lower eyelids Protection and moisten
60
2 holes in medial commissary
Superior and inferior punctum
61
Levator palpebrae superioris; function, nerve
Elevate eyelid CNIII
62
Orbicularis oculi: function, nerve
Close eyelid CN VII
63
Where does nasolacrimal gland drain to
Nasal cavity
64
Tear film: 2 components
Glycoprotein = produced by goblet cells of conjunctiva Oil superficial layer = produced by tarsal glands

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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