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Anatomy II > Lecture 14: Artiodactyl and Perissodactyl Manus and Hoof > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Artiodactyl and Perissodactyl Manus and Hoof Flashcards

1
Q

5 external regions of manus in horse

A

knee
cannon
fetlock
pastern
hoof

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2
Q

what bones make up the cannon (3)

A

metacarpus II, III and IV

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3
Q

what bones make up the fetlock (3)

A

metacarpus III
phalanx I
proximal sesamoid bones

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4
Q

what bones make up the pastern (2)

A

phalanx I
phalanx II

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5
Q

what bones make up the hoof (3)

A

phalanx II
phalanx III
distal sesamoid

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6
Q

carpus =

A

knee

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7
Q

1st, 2nd and 3rd carpals in cattle

A

1st is absent
2 and 3 are fused

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8
Q

great metacarpus in cattle composed of what 2 bones

A

metacarpus III and IV

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9
Q

great metacarpus in horses composed of what bone

A

metacarpus III

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10
Q

proximal vs distal sesamoid bones: number per digit

A

1 distal per digit
2 proximal per digit

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11
Q

of the 5 external region of manus in horses, which one does not contain a joint

A

cannon

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12
Q

4 knee joints: horse

A

radiocarpal
ulnocarpal
intercarpal
carpometacarpal

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13
Q

fetlock joint name

A

metacarphophalangeal

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14
Q

pastern joint name

A

proximal interphalangeal
between phalanx 1 and 2

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15
Q

hoof joint name

A

distal interphalangeal
between phalanx 2 and 3

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16
Q

3 ligaments in horse knee

A

collateral ligaments
intercarpal ligaments
accessory ligaments

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17
Q

importance of collateral ligaments: horse

A

prevent joint from bending side to side

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18
Q

importance of intercarpal ligaments: horse

A

keep carpal bones together
only allow spaces between bones at the dorsal side (for flexion of limb)

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19
Q

importance of accessory ligaments: horse

A

keep accessory bone in place

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20
Q

ligaments (one type) in fetlock, pastern and hoof: horse

A

collateral articular ligaments

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21
Q

importance/location of collateral articular ligaments: horse

A

lateral and medial
prevent joint from bending from side to side
keep bones together

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22
Q

ligaments in fetlock, pastern and hoof: cattle (2)

A

abaxial articular ligaments
axial articular ligaments

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23
Q

4 tendons in horse

A

common digital extensor
lateral digital extensor
superficial digital flexor
deep digital flexor

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24
Q

4 ligaments in cannon: horse

A

carpal check
suspensory
annular
sesamoid

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25
common digital extensor tendon: location, features, insertions (3)
enveloped by synovial sheath at carpal and metacarpal regions extensor process of PIII, proximal regions of PI and PII, external surface of lateral cartilages
26
synovial sheath definition
extension of articular capsule that encloses tendons
27
lateral digital extensor tendon: insertion
dorsal aspect of proximal PI
28
superficial digital flexor tendon aka
flexor perforatus (perforated)
29
superficial digital flexor tendon encloses
deep digital flexor tendon
30
superficial digital flexor tendon enclosed by
synovial sheath
31
superficial digital flexor tendon: 2 insertions
lateral and medial surfaces of PII lateral and medial aspects of PI
32
deep digital flexor tendon aka
flexor perforans (perforating)
33
deep digital flexor tendon enclosed for
superficial digital flexor
34
deep digital flexor tendon insertion
semilunar line of solar surface of PIII
35
check ligament: OIA
O - palmar surface of great metacarpus I - deep region of deep digital flexor A - reinforce tendon of deep digital flexor
36
suspensory ligament aka (2)
superior sesamoid ligament interosseus muscle
37
suspensory ligament: origin, insertion, importance
o- palmar carpal fascia I - proximal to fetlock, divides into 2 branches that join lateral and medial regions of proximal sesamoid bones and phalanx I part of passive stay apparatus
38
3 distal sesamoid ligaments
medial oblique sesamoid I straight sesamoid I lateral oblique sesamoid I
39
distal sesamoid ligaments: O,I, importance
O - distal part of proximal sesamoid bones I - palmar region of PII part of passive stay apparatus
40
3 annular ligaments
palmar proximal digital distal digital
41
functions of all 3 annular ligaments (2)
reinforce joints work as flexor retinacula
42
palmar annular ligament: location, origin, insertion
cover palmar region of fetlock O - proximal sesamoid bones I - superficial digital flexor
43
proximal digital annular ligament: location, origin, insertion
cover palmar region of proximal pastern O - 2 branches from medial and lateral PI I - 2 branches on medial and lateral PI, fuse with superficial digital flexor
44
distal digital annular ligament: location, origin, insertion
covers deep digital flexor O - palmar surface of PII I - 2 branches to PI
45
2 tendons within common digital extensor: cattle
lateral tendon medial tendon
46
2 digital extensor tendons in cattle
common digital lateral digital
47
2 digital flexor tendons in cattle (similar to horse)
superficial digital deep digital
48
relationship between superficial and deep digital flexors: cattle
superficial encloses deep
49
do cattle have an interosseus muscle
yes
50
3 annular ligaments in cattle
palmar proximal digital distal digital
51
function of interdigital ligaments: cattle
restrict separation of digits
52
distal interdigital ligament: cattle
cruciate ligament
53
2 main origins of blood supply: horses
median artery collateral ulnar artery
54
2 main origins of blood supply: cattle
lateral and medial digital arteries palmar common digital artery
55
innervation difference between cattle and horses
cattle have radial nerve, horses do not
56
2 main nerves of manus: horse
median ulnar
57
3 main nerves of manus: cattle
median ulnar radial
58
tendonitis: definition
bowed tendons = swelling of digital flexors
59
what is the most common non fatal career ending injury for racehorses
tendonitis
60
tendon rupture of flexor tendons: effect, potential tendons involved
permanent hyperextension of fetlock varied degree depending on number of tendons involved: superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, interosseus
61
rank increasing degree of hyperextension with number of flexor tendons involved
superficial digital flexor --> superficial digital flexor + deep digital flexor --> superficial, digital and interosseus
62
complete rupture of extensor tendons lead to
permanent flexion of fetlock

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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