Lecture 4: Organization of Pelvic Limb and Coxofemoral Joint

Question 1

hindlimb functions (4)

Answer 1

quadrupedal posture and support
locomotion
elimination and reproduction
somatosensory organ - pain, tension, position

Question 2

basic organization of a limb: 4 parts

Answer 2

cingulum
stylopodium
zeugopodium
autopodium

Question 3

cingulum

Answer 3

joint

Question 4

stylopodium

Answer 4

upper limb bone

Question 5

zeugopodium

Answer 5

lower limb bones

Question 6

autopodium

Answer 6

digits/phalanges

Question 7

organization of limb: coxofemoral/hip

Answer 7

cingulum: hip
stylopodium: femur
zeugopodium: tibia and fibula
autopodium: digits

Question 8

5 regions of hindlimb: proximal to distal

Answer 8

gluteal
thigh
crus
tarsus
pes

Question 9

crus =

Answer 9

leg (Distal hindlimb)

Question 10

tarsus =

Answer 10

ankle bones

Question 11

pelvic limbs are adapted for

Answer 11

propulsion = accelerate center of gravity forward and upward

Question 12

3 adaptations of pelvic limbs for propulsion

Answer 12

longer and angular vs thoracic limb
heavily muscled
connected directly to vertebral column via sacroiliac joints

Question 13

which way does the hindlimb rotate during development

Answer 13

ventrally

Question 14

2 regions of pelvic limb

Answer 14

dorsal
ventral

Question 15

where do dorsal compartments of pelvic limb end up

Answer 15

cranial

Question 16

where do ventral compartments of pelvic limb end up

Answer 16

caudal

Question 17

primary abductors of the hip =

Answer 17

superficial gluteal muscles

Question 18

superficial gluteal muscles aka

Answer 18

lateral muscles of pelvis

Question 19

what are the 4 superficial gluteal muscles

Answer 19

gluteus medius
gluteus profundus
gluteus superficialis
tensor fascia latae

Question 20

general characteristics of superficial gluteal muscles: action, innervation, origin, insertion

Answer 20

extend and abduct hip
cranial gluteal nerve
originate at ileum
insert at greater trochanter

Question 21

tensor fascia latae: action and insertion differences

Answer 21

flex hip and extend stifle
insert on fascia lata/tibia

Question 22

gluteus superficialis: insertion and innervation differences

Answer 22

third trochanter
caudal gluteal nerve

Question 23

what do hip adbuctors do during stride cycle

Answer 23

contract in supporting/stance limb to counteract adduction –> level pelvic and maintain balance while other limb is off the floor

Question 24

primary rotators of the hip =

Answer 24

deep gluteal muscles

Question 25

general characteristics of deep gluteal muscles: action, innervation, origin

Answer 25

laterally rotate hip direct branches off lumbosacral trunk origin at ischium

Question 26

4 deep gluteal muscles

Answer 26

gemelli obturator internus quadratus femoris obturator externus

Question 27

obturator externus: action and innervation differences

Answer 27

obturator nerve laterally rotate thigh

Question 28

articularis coxae: function

Answer 28

protect hip joint capsule from being nipped between femoral and acetabular surfaces during movement (so it doesn't get trapped)

Question 29

primary extensors of the hip =

Answer 29

caudal thigh muscles

Question 30

3 caudal thigh muscles

Answer 30

biceps femoris semimembranosus semitendinosus

Question 31

general characteristics of caudal thigh muscles: action, innervation, origin

Answer 31

extend hip, stifle, hock sciatic nerve origin from ischial tuberosity

Question 32

biceps femoris: 2 heads

Answer 32

caudal cranial

Question 33

caudal head of biceps femoris: action difference

Answer 33

flex stifle

Question 34

cranial head of biceps femoris: innervation difference

Answer 34

caudal gluteal nerve

Question 35

semimembranosus: action difference

Answer 35

flex OR extend stifle depending on position of limb

Question 36

caudofemoralis: species, function, location

Answer 36

cats femur to tail stabilize femur

Question 37

caudofemoralis aka

Answer 37

gluteofemoralis

Question 38

caudal crural abductor: species

Answer 38

carnivorans

Question 39

caudal crural abductor aka in cats

Answer 39

tenuissimus

Question 40

primary adductors of the hip =

Answer 40

medial thigh muscles

Question 41

4 medial thigh muscles

Answer 41

sartorius pectineus adductor gracilis

Question 42

general characteristics of medial thigh muscles: action, innervation, origin

Answer 42

adduct hip origin at pelvis obturator nerve

Question 43

2 heads of sartorius

Answer 43

cranial and caudal

Question 44

sartorius: origin, action and innervation differences

Answer 44

origin from ileum flex hip femoral nerve

Question 45

cranial head of sartorius: action difference

Answer 45

extend stifle

Question 46

caudal head of sartorius: action difference

Answer 46

flex stifle

Question 47

adductor: action difference/addition

Answer 47

also extends hip

Question 48

gracilis: action differences/additions

Answer 48

flex stifle, extend hip and hock

Question 49

muscle that is major flexor of hip

Answer 49

iliopsoas

Question 50

ilipsoas: definition/components, insertion, innervation (2)

Answer 50

combined insertion tendon of iliacus and psoas major muscles inserts on lesser trochanter of femur direct branches from lumbosacral plexus and femoral nerve

Question 51

extensor muscle of stifle =

Answer 51

quadriceps femoris

Question 52

femoral nerve continues as

Answer 52

saphenous nerve

Question 53

what 2 nerves are found at L4-L6

Answer 53

femoral obturator

Question 54

lumbosacral trunk spinal cord levels

Answer 54

L6-S2

Question 55

2 branches off sciatic nerve

Answer 55

common fibular/peroneal nerve tibial nerve

Question 56

what 3 muscles are innervated by cranial gluteal nerve

Answer 56

tensor fascia latae gluteus medius gluteus profundus

Question 57

what muscle is innervated by caudal gluteal nerve

Answer 57

gluteus superficialis

Question 58

what 2 muscles are innervated by sciatic nerve

Answer 58

deep gluteal muscles caudal thigh muscles

Question 59

what muscles are innervated by obturator nerve

Answer 59

medial thigh EXCEPT sartorius obturator externus

Question 60

what 3 muscles are innervated by femoral nerve

Answer 60

psoas major sartorius via saphenous nerve quadriceps femoris

Question 61

parent artery of femoral artery

Answer 61

external iliac off aorta