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Anatomy II > Lecture 28: Ear > Flashcards

Lecture 28: Ear Flashcards

1
Q

2 functions of ear

A

balance and orientation
hearing

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2
Q

balance and orientation involves detecting

A

movement of body relative to outside world

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3
Q

hearing involves detecting

A

movement of outside world

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4
Q

3 parts of hearing and balance apparatus

A

inner ear
middle ear
external/outer ear

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5
Q

inner ear: definition/location, functions

A

fluid filled space within petrous portion of temporal bone
hearing and balance

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6
Q

middle ear: definition/location, function

A

air filled space within petrous and tympanic portions of temporal bone
hearing

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7
Q

external/outer ear: location, function

A

emerges from tympanic part of temporal bone and continued by additional cartilaginous pieces
hearing

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8
Q

waves in water vs air

A

waves in water don’t lose energy
waves in air lose energy from air to ear fluids

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9
Q

typanic ear cavity: definition, function

A

ear drum
air filled middle ear
bony connection to inner ear

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10
Q

middle ear aka

A

tympanic cavity

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11
Q

primary function of middle ear/tympanic cavity

A

transmit sound vibration from lateral external ear to more medial inner ear

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12
Q

function of tympanic membrane/eardrum

A

separate middle ear from external ear

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13
Q

3 main walls of middle ear

A

tympanic membrane/eardrum
ear ossicles/ossicular chain
oval window/fenestra ovalis

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14
Q

fenestra ovalis/oval window

A

on medial wall of tympanic cavity
between middle ear and inner ear

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15
Q

ear ossicles/ossicular chain: definition/components, location

A

3 little bones = malleus, incus, stapes
connect tympanic membrane to inner ear allowing for transmission of sound waves

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16
Q

stapes: definition/location, function

A

oval shaped footplate fits into oval window
causes vibrations in perilymph of inner ear
transmits vibrations from outside head to inner ear

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17
Q

what is the only true ossicle in non mammals

A

stapes

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18
Q

how many small bones do all mammals have in middle ear

A

3 = stapes, incus, malleus

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19
Q

incus: definition, location

A

intermediate bone between malleus and stapes
articulates with them via synovial joints

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20
Q

malleus: definition, location

A

body/manubrium is fixed to tympanic membrane so vibrations of membrane are passed along ossicular chain

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21
Q

2 muscles in middle ear associated with ossicles

A

tensor tympani
stapedius

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22
Q

“probable” actions (2) of tensor tympani and stapedius

A

clarify hearing
protect from excessively loud sounds

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23
Q

tensor tympani: OIN

A

O - anterior wall of middle ear
I - body of malleus
N - mandibular nerve V3

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24
Q

stapedius: OIN

A

O - posterior wall of middle ear
I - head of stapes
N - facial nerve (CN VII)

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25
what nerve transmits sensory from mucosa lining middle ear (tympanic membrane)
glossopharyngeal
26
what nerve passes through middle ear cavity
glossopharyngeal
27
minor petrosal nerve is branch of
glossopharyngeal
28
1st branch of glossopharyngeal nerve
minor petrosal nerve
29
minor petrosal nerve: function, path/ganglion
carries parasympathetic axons from CN IX/glossopharyngeal to otic ganglion
30
path of facial nerve (foramina)
from internal acoustic meatus to stylomastoid foramen through posterior wall of tympanic cavity
31
2 branches of facial nerve in ear
major petrosal nerve chorda tympani
32
major petrosal nerve: parent nerve, function
branch of facial nerve carries preganglionic parasympathetic axons from facial nerve to pterygopalatine ganglion
33
chorda tympani: parent nerve, path, functions
branch of facial nerve carries preganglionic parasympathetic input to mandibular and sublingual ganglia carries taste from rostral portion of tongue crosses tympanic membrane to get to lingual nerve in infratemporal fossa, axons hitchhike to oral cavity on lingual
34
relationship of air pressure in middle ear cavity vs outside for most efficient functioning of tympanic membrane
must be equal
35
auditory/eustacean tube: function
connects middle ear cavity to nasopharynx
36
normal state of auditory/eustacean tube
pressed closed and must be actively opened to equalize air pressure
37
how auditory/eustacean tube is manipulated to maintain air pressure
tensor and levator veli palatini parallel auditory tube and open it upon contraction so pressure can equalize
38
otitis media: definition, how caused
infection of middle ear cavity build up of infectious fluid in tympanic cavity impacts sensitivity of hearing by dampening vibrations of tympanic membrane possible lesions of nerves passing through space
39
what's special about tympanic bulla in cats (+ clinical correlation)
can be palpated externally otitis media can make area sensitive
40
how can stubborn otitis media infections be drained
surgically opening tympanic bulla into nasopharynx
41
what is the only part of the ear apparatus with directly visible aspect (and what is this aspect called)
external ear pinna/auricle
42
auricle/pinna: location, functions
external ear funnel and focus sound into external auditory canal help with detection of sound direction
43
what is anatomical position of auricles/pinnas
erect and alert rostral = concave, lightly haired surface caudal = convex furred surface
44
adaptations of auricle: examples
thermoregulation = jack rabbits communication = elephants improved olfactory efficiency = hound dog
45
cerumen: definition, function
earwax keep canal clean and free of particles that might interfere with sensitive tympanic membrane
46
2 components of external auditory canal
vertical canal horizontal canal
47
what glands produce earwax
ceruminous glands
48
6 features of cartilage that supports auricle/pinna
helix scapha tragus antitragus intertragic incisor cutaneous marginal pouch
49
scutiform cartilage: location/definition, function
smaller isolated cartilage associated with musculature of external ear provide leverage for muscles
50
auricular muscles that provide fine control of position and attitude of auricle are considered muscle of
facial expression
51
is the auricle highly vascularized
yes
52
blood supply to auricle (2)
rostral auricular caudal auricular
53
rostral auricular artery: parent artery, what supplied
superficial temporal artery rostral concave surface of auricle
54
caudal auricular artery: parent artery, what supplied, how many branches
external carotid 4 large branches rostral surface of auricle
55
4 branches of caudal auricular artery and where they go
medial lateral intermediate deep *caudal surface of auricle
56
significance of extensive blood supply to external ear (clinical correlation)
insignificant trauma can lead to vascular rupture aural hematoma
57
aural hematoma: definition, intervention
blood pools in ear and separates skin from underlying cartilage surgical intervention
58
sensory innervation from caudal surface of auricle (2 rami origin and 2 specific branches)
ventral rami of C2 = greater auricular nerve on lateral side dorsal rami of C2 = greater occipital nerve on medial side
59
lateral vs medial sensory innervation from auricle
lateral = greater auricular nerve medial = greater occipital nerve
60
2 cranial nerves: sensory innervation from rostral surface of auricle
auriculotemporal V3 vagus nerve CN X
61
external vs internal surface of tympanic: innervation
external = vagus + V3 internal = glossopharyngeal
62
auricular branch of vagus: path, what's innervated
through petrous portion of temporal bone external auditory canal and lateral surface of tympanic membrane

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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