Lecture 19: CNS and Head Neck Innervation

Question 1

5 types of innervation provided by cranial nerves

Answer 1

special sensory
general sensory
visceral motor (sympathetics, parasympathetic)
visceral sensory
general/voluntary motor

Question 2

neurocranium definition and functions(2)

Answer 2

braincase (rigid)
protects brain and exit of cranial nerves
attachments of chewing and neck musculature

Question 3

viscero/splanchocranium definition and functions/components (3)

Answer 3

facial skeleton
supports the face
sensory components
masticatory apparatus

Question 4

forebrain: contains (4), 3 functions

Answer 4

right and left cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, hypothalamus
sensor processing, motor commands, decision making

Question 5

brainstem components and functions

Answer 5

midbrain, pons, cerebellum, medulla
cranial nerve nuclei
nuclei responsible for basic functions like breathing

Question 6

4 divisions of brainstem

Answer 6

midbrain
pons
cerebellum
medulla

Question 7

how is cerebellum functionally associated with pons

Answer 7

cerebellar peduncles = bundles of axons going to and from cerebellum

Question 8

cranial nerves pneumonic

Answer 8

Oh - olfactory (1)
Oh - optic (2)
Oh - oculomotor (3)
To - trochlear (4)
Touch - trigeminal (5)
And - abducens (6)
Feel - facial (7)
Very - vestibulocochlear (8)
Good - glossopharyngeal (9)
Velvet - vagus (10)
A - accessory (11)
H - hypoglossal (12)

Question 9

2 cranial nerves in forebrain (and general functions)

Answer 9

CNI/olfactory = smell
CNII/optic = vision

Question 10

2 cranial nerves in midbrain and function

Answer 10

CN III/oculomotor
CN IV/trochlear
eye movements

Question 11

2 cranial nerves in pons and 3 functions

Answer 11

CN V/trigeminal
CN VI/abducens
eye movements, sensory to face, motor for chewing

Question 12

6 cranial nerves in medulla

Answer 12

CN VII - CN XII

Question 13

cranial nerve ganglia for parasympathetics: head and neck (hint: 3,9,7,7 COPS)

Answer 13

CN III = ciliary
CN IV = pterygopalatine and submandibular
CN IX = optic

Question 14

examples of special senses (7)

Answer 14

olfaction, vision, taste, balance, hearing, blood pressure, blood oxygen and co2 levels

Question 15

3 cranial nerves that control extraocular muscles

Answer 15

3,4,6
oculomotor, trochlear, abducens

Question 16

autonomic functions in head and neck examples

Answer 16

control of muscles within eye to focus and control pupil size
glands that secrete tears, mucus, saliva

Question 17

olfactory nerve passes through

Answer 17

cribriform plate

Question 18

optic nerve passes through

Answer 18

optic canal

Question 19

what 4 nerves pass through orbital fissure (3 main cranial nerves, 1 branch)

Answer 19

3,4,5
oculomotor
trochlear
abducens
+opthalmic = V1 of trigeminal

Question 20

hypoglossal nerve goes through

Answer 20

hypoglossal foramen

Question 21

3 nerves that go through jugular foramen

Answer 21

9,10,11
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accesssory

Question 22

2 nerves that go through internal acoustic meatus

Answer 22

facial
vestibulocochlear

Question 23

what nerve goes through oval foramen

Answer 23

mandibular = V3 of trigeminal

Question 24

what nerve goes through round foramen

Answer 24

maxillary = V2 of trigeminal

Question 25

olfactory nerves enter rostral cranial fossa via

Answer 25

cribriform plate

Question 26

what kind of info does CN I carry

Answer 26

olfactory

Question 27

what kind of info does CN II carry

Answer 27

visual info from retina to lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus

Question 28

which 3 cranial nerves innervate extrinsic eye muscles (motor)

Answer 28

CN III, IV and VI

Question 29

CN IV innervates what eye muscle

Answer 29

dorsal oblique

Question 30

CN VI innervates which eye muscle

Answer 30

lateral rectus

Question 31

CNIII innervates which eye muscles (5)

Answer 31

ventral oblique ventral rectus dorsal rectus medial rectus levator palpebrae superioris

Question 32

which cranial nerve (CN III, IV or VI) also provides parasympathetic innervation to 2 intrinsic eye muscles

Answer 32

CN III

Question 33

3 primary division of trigeminal nerve

Answer 33

V1 - ophthalamic V2 - maxillary V3 - mandibular

Question 34

trigeminal V3/mandibular innervation: motor and sensory

Answer 34

motor innervation to muscles of mastication motor innervation to muscles in ear and pharynx with tensor in the name GENERAL sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 35

CN VII innervation (5)

Answer 35

parasympathetics to pterygopalatine ganglion nasal mucosa for mucous production lacrimal gland for tear production SPECIAL sensory = taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue motor innervation to muscles of facial expression

Question 36

what 2 cranial nerves innervate the face together

Answer 36

trigeminal and facial

Question 37

CN VIII/vestibulocochlear innervate

Answer 37

vestibular apparatus - balance and muscle coordination cochlea - hearing

Question 38

CN IX/glossopharyngeal innervates (9)

Answer 38

motor to stylopharyngeus parotid/salivary gland SPECIAL SENSORY (taste) from posterior 1/3 of tongue GENERAL SENSORY from posterior 1/3 of tongue oropharynx, middle ear, auditory tube, carotid sinus, carotid body

Question 39

CN X/vagus innervates (6)

Answer 39

motor to muscles of soft palate, palatoglossus, pharynx, larynx parasympathetics to cardiac muscle parasympathetics to viscera to left colic flexure taste buds around epiglottis external acoustic meatus dura mater in dorsal cranial fossa

Question 40

CN XI/accessory innervates

Answer 40

motor to brachiocephalicus, omotransversarious, sternocephalicus, trapezius

Question 41

CN IX, X and XI all exit skull through

Answer 41

jugular foramen

Question 42

CN XIII/hypoglossal innervates

Answer 42

motor to intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

Question 43

which cranial nerves have parasympathetic components

Answer 43

CNIII = oculomotor CN VII = facial CN IX = glossopharyngeal CN X = vagus