lecture 12: cerebellum Flashcards
1
Q
which of these basal nuclei is th primary output nucleus i the motor pathways
a) thalamus
b)GPi
c) GPe
d) sub thalamic nuc
A
b) GPi
2
Q
a 33 year old patient experienced a right sided icshcmic stroke to vasculature of the substantia niga
-what artery affected
A
posterior cerebral
3
Q
what are some important structures of the posterior view of cerebellum
A
anterior cerebellar notch
posterior cerebellar notch
vermis
primary fissure
horizontal fissure
4
Q
anterior cerebellar notch is near what aspect of the rbaisntem
A
pons
5
Q
what is wider, the anterior or posterior cerebellar notch
A
sntrtiot
6
Q
what are the folds of the cerebellum called
A
folia
7
Q
what does the primary fissure divided
A
between the anterior and posterior lobes
8
Q
what is the division within the posterior lobe called
A
horizontal fissure
9
Q
be able to recognize anterior vs posturio lobe on the posterior aspect of the cerebellum
A
10
Q
what is the middle bump of the cerebellum called
A
vermis
11
Q
falx cerebelli is located in what notch
A
[psoterior cerebellar notch
12
Q
what are some important srrcuture features of cerebellum on anterior side
A
vermis
floculus
tonsil
nodule (of vermis)
horizontal fissure (posteriolateeral fissure)
13
Q
true or false: you can see the flocular lobe from the posterior side
A
false, anteriorr
14
Q
what is the space under the cerebellar peduncles and above the nodule of verse called
A
4th ventricle
15
Q
the horizontal fissure becomes what on the anterior side
A
posterolateral fissure
16
Q
when the most inferior and anterior part of the vermis rounds out, what is it called
A
nodule (of vermis)
17
Q
the flocculondular lobe involves what structures on the anterior side
A
2 flocculi and the nodule
18
Q
what are the 3 lobes on the anterior cerebellar
A
anterior
psoterior
flocullonodullar lobe
19
Q
be able to locate the lobes on the anterior cerebellum
A
20
Q
the 3 cerebellar peduncles connected the cerebellum to what structure
A
brain stemp
21
Q
superior cerebellar peduncle connects cerebellum to what
A
midbrain
22
Q
middle cerebellar peduncle connects cerebellum to what
A
pons
23
Q
infeerior cerebellar peduncle connects cerebellum to what
A
medulla
24
Q
what are the 3 cerebellar artries of the vertebrobasilar system that supply blood to the cerebllum
A
superior cerebellar
anterior inferior cerebellar
posterior inferior cereberllar
25
what aspect does the superior cerebellar a supply
the entire superior aspects anterior and posteriors
26
what aspect does the posterior inferior cerebellar a supply
most inferior aspect with larger perfusion posteriorly
27
what aspect does the anterior inferior cerebellar a supply
middle section ops anterior surface (including cerebral peduncles and flocculi)
28
be able to understand/identidy blood supply regions of cerebellum
29
what are the 4 important output nuclei of the cerebellum
dentate nucleus
emboli form nucleus
globose nucleus
fastigial nucleus
30
which of these is most lateral in the cerebellum
dentate nucleus
emboli form nucleus
globose nucleus
fastigial nucleus
denticulate
31
which of these is most medial in the cerebellum
dentate nucleus
emboli form nucleus
globose nucleus
fastigial nucleus
fastigial
32
order these from lateral to medial
dentate nucleus
fastigial nucleus
globose nucleus
emboli form nucleus
dentate nucleus
emboli form nucleus
globose nucleus
fastigial nucleus
33
what is the mnenmoinic for output nuclei of the cerebellum
dont eat greasy food (lateral to medial)
(dentate nucleus
emboli form nucleus
globose nucleus
fastigial nucleus)
34
what are the 2 interposed nuclei
emboliform nuc
globose niuc
35
what is the intracerebellar white matter called
arbor vitae
36
be able to locate the output nuclei of cerebellum on the cross section
37
what ventricle is ventral top the cerebellum
4th
38
most cerebellar input pathways involve what fibers
mossy fibers
39
how do mossy fibers communicate with purkinje fibers
indirectly via granule cells
40
true or false: mossy fibers community directly with purkinje fibers
false, indirectly via granule cells
41
where do purkinje fibers project
to deep cerebellar output nuclei
42
most cerebellar input pathways involves mossy fibers communicate info from where
cerebral cortex
spinal cord
vestibular nuclei
43
mossy fibres communicate indirectly with purkinje, which fibers community directly with them>
climbing fibers
44
true or false: climbing fibers communicate directly with purkinje cell dendrites in the molecular level
true
45
climbing fibers communicate directly with purkinje cell dendrites in the BLANK level
MOLECULAR
46
what are climbing fibers
they are terminal fibers of the spino-olivocerebellar pathways (signals from spinal cord via inferior olivary nuclei to the inferior cerebellar peduncle)
-comunicate directly with pukingke
47
what is the pruspoe of the functional systems of the cerebellum
influences motor systems by evaluating disparities between intention (motor output) and action (sensory feedback)
48
example how the cerebellum influences motor systems by evaluating disparities between intention (motor output) and action (sensory feedback)
it adjusts disparities by altering motor output of brainstem nucleus and motor cortex while a movement in in progress
49
how does cerebellum adjust disparties between intention and action
alter motor output of brainstem nuclei and motor cortex while a movement is in progress
50
lesions to the cerebellum result in contralateral or ipsilatel ataxia
iplateral
51
true or false: lesions to the cerebellum result in contralateral ataxia
false, ipsilateral
52
do the cerebellum and basal nuclei lesions result is the same side or opposite side deficits
opposite
cerebellum -ipsi
basal- contra
53
the cerebellum is fucntionnaly divided into how many systems
3
54
what are the 3 functional and phylogenetic systems of the cerebellum
vestibulocerebellum
spin-cerebellum
cerebrocerebellum
55
vestibulocerebellum
spin-cerebellum
cerebrocerebellum
which is the oldest
vestibulocerebellum
56
vestibulocerebellum
spin-cerebellum
cerebrocerebellum
which is the newest
cerebrocerebellum
57
true or false: the vestibulocerebllum is the only out of the 3 systems that involve 1 lobe
true (flocculate)
58
the vestibulocerellum system consists primary of what lobe
flocculonodular lobe
59
true or false: the vestibulocerellum system consists primary of the flocculonodular lobe
true
60
what is the phylogenetically oldest part of the cerebellum
vestibulocerebllum
61
what is the function of the the vestibulocerellum
stability, balance, posture, head and eye movements (stabilizing images on the retina)
62
stability, balance, posture, head and eye movements (stabilizing images on the retina)
what system
vestibulocerebellar
63
what is the cerebellar output nuclei of the vestibulocerebellum
fastigial nuclei
64
fastigial nuclei is associated with what system
vestibulocerebellum
| alsothe spinocerebellar for info from trunk and head
65
what are the major associated structures of the vestibulocerebrellum system
1) vestibular nuclei (input from vestibular apparatus)
2) reticular formation
3) vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts)
66
what is the general pathway of the vestibulocerebellum system
1) vestibular apparatus (via CN 8)
2) ipsilateral vestibular nuclei (in midbrain rostrally)
3) inferior cerebellar peduncle
4) flocculonoldular lobe
5) fastigial nucleus
6) inferior cerebellar peduncle
7) bilateral vestibular nuclei and reticular formation (via fastigial-vestivular and fastigual-reticular fibers)
8) vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts
67
info enters vestibular apparatus via what cranial n
cranial n 8
68
which peduncle is associated with the vestibulocerebellar pathway
inferior cerebellar peduncle
69
what fossa does the cerebellum sit in
posterior cerebellum
70
what seperatures the cerebellum from cerebrum (Dural reflection)
tentorium cerebrullum)
71
what is function of folia of cerebellum
increase surface area
72
true or false, the deep cerebellar nuclei only get connections via the purkinje fibres
false, they get inhibitory connections via the purkinje
they get excitatory connections via the fibers direct. (mossy and climbing)
73
do the vestibellar, cerebrocerebellar and spinocereballr use mossy or climbing
mossy
74
vestibulocerebellar system gets information coming from where
inner eat
75
information coming from the vestibular apparatus is carried via what cranial n
cranial n VIII (8) = vestibular n
76
information coming from vestibular appareatus via CN8 synapses where in the VC pathway
in the ipsilateral vestibular nuclei
77
where is the vestibular nuclei located
in the medulla (rostral)
78
information coming from the is-lateral vestibular nuclei of the VC pathway enters the ipsialtereal cerebellum via what peduncle
inferior cerebellar peduncle
79
from ipsilateral vestibular nuclei in the medulla, wheredo the fibers go
1) to floculonodular node (via vestibulocerebellar fibers)
to get to fastigial nucleus
80
what is the deep cerebellar nucleus associated with the vestibulocerebllar pathways
fastigial
81
in VC pathway, information exists the cerebellum from fastigial nucleus through what peduncle
inferior cerebellar peduncle
82
in VC pathway, information exists the cerebellum from fastigial nucleus to the inferior peduncle via what two types of fibers
1) fastigial-vestivular fiebrs
2) fastigial-reticular fibers
83
what are the two locations that fibers go to after the fastigial nucleus
1) bilateral vestibular nuclei (via fastigial vestibular fibers)
2) bilateral reticular formation (via fastigia-reticular fibers)
84
in the VC pathway, after synapsing with the bilateral vestibular nuclei, where does the pathway go
go down via vestibulospinal tracts
85
in the VC pathway, after synapsing with the bilateral reticular nuclei, where does the pathway go
go down reticulospinal tracts
86
be able to redraw vestibulocereballar pathway
.
87
true or false: in the VC pathwayy the fastigual vebstivualr and reticular fibers go to bilateral strucures
true
88
true or false: i the VC pathway, information coming fro the vestibular apparatus goes to bilateral vestibular nucleis
false only to ipsilateral
89
the spinocerebellar pathways consists of what functional zonse
vermis (excluding nodule) and intermediate/paravermal zones
90
what is the phylogenetically second oldest part of the cerebeullum
spinocerebellum (evolved with quadrupedal movement)
91
what is the paleocerebellum
spinocerebellum
92
what is the function of the spinocerebeullar pathways
trunk and limb movements
involved in locomotion and maniniting muscle tone (proprioceptive patjhways)
93
what is the cerebellar output nuclei of the spinoccerebeullum
fastrigial nucleus (trunk)
globose and emboli form nuclei (limbs)
94
what are the other associated structures of the spinocerebellar pathway
spinocerebellar tracts/pathways
red nuclei
rubrospinal tract
thalamus (ventral lateral nucleu)
95
in the somatotropin organization of the spinocerebellum, what is the vermis associated w
centre of body (trunk, head, neck)
96
in the somatotropin organization of the spin-cerebellum, the centre of body (trunk, head, neck) is associated with what zone
vermis
97
in the somatotropin organization of the spin-cerebellum, the limbs are associated with what zone
paravermal zones
98
in the somatotropin organization of the spin-cerebellum, what is the paravermal zones associated with
limbs
99
what is the general pathway for the spinocerebeullum pathway
1) proprioceptors (spinocerebellar tracts)
2) inferior or superior cerebellar peduncle (depending on pathway)
**dorsal and cuneo=info
**rostral and ventral= sup
3) vernmis (head/trunk) and paravermis (limbs) = spinocerebellum
4) interposed and fastigual nuclei
5) superior cerebellar peduncle
6) contralateral red nucleus and thalamus (interpositorubrothalamic fibers)
7) rubrospinal tract and motor cortex
100
where does the information for the spinocerebellum come from
proprioceptors (spinocerebellar tracts)
101
how does information from proprioceptors enter the cerebellum for the SC pathway
inferior or superior cerebellar peduncle
102
the inferior cerebellar peduncle is associated with what spinocerebllar tracts
dorsal and cuneo
103
the superior cerebellar peduncle is associated with what spinocerebllar tracts
ventral and rostral
104
where do primary sensory neurons synapse in spinocerebellar pathway
either in nucleus dorsals, accessory nucleus cuenatus in medulla or in spinal border cells)
105
after synapsing with the nucleus dorsals, spinal border cells etc, information travels via secondary neurons that form what tracts in the SC pathway
spinocerebellar tracts
106
what are the two ways the spinocereballar tracts can enter the cerebellum
superior or inferior cerebellar peduncles
107
the spinocerebellar fibers (mossy) of the SC pathway can directly activate what nuclei
fastigial and interposed nuclei
108
the spinocerebellar fibers (mossy) of the SC pathway can indirectly inhibits the fastigial and interposed nuclei via what cells
granule and purkingje
109
the spinocereballr fibers that connect with purkinje fibers are located in what area of the cerebeullum
vermis (head and trunk) and paravermis (limbs) = in the spinocerebellum
110
fibers coming from the fastigial and interposed nuclei exit the cerebellum via what peduncle
superior cerebellar pentacle
111
fibers coming from the fastigial and interposed nuclei exit the cerebellum via superior cerebellar peduncle and go to two locations, what are they
1) contralateral red nucleus
2) contralateral thalamus (ventral lateral)
112
fibers coming from the fastigial and interposed nuclei exit the cerebellum via superior cerebellar peduncle and go to contralateral red nucleus and thalamus via what fibers
interpositorubrothalamic fibers
113
if the fibers coming from superior cerebellar peduncle in SC pathway go to the contralateral red nucleus, what tract does it go to
rubrospinal tract (ipsilateral to original cerebellum since they decussate)
114
if the fibers coming from superior cerebellar peduncle in SC pathway go to the contralateral thalamus, what tract does it go to
go to motor cortex via thalamocortical fibers
115
if the spinocerebellum synapses with the motor cortex via the thalamocortical fibers, does the info stop there
no , the corticospinal fibers will project it back down the spinal cord
116
be able to draw the spinocerebllar pathway
117
the cerebrocerebellum consists of what major areas/lobes
consists of lateral cerebellar hemispheres (primarly posterior lobe)
118
the cerebrocerebellum is primary in what lobe
posterior
119
what is the phylogenetically newest part of the cerebellum
cerebrocerebeullum (neocerebellum)
120
what is the function of the cerebrocerebellum
coordination of skilled, assymetri movements of the limbs (hand eye), speech, cognitive functions
121
what is the cerebellar output nuclei of the cerebrocerebeullum
dentate
122
what are the other associated structures of the cerebroserebrall pathway
cerebral cortex
deep pontin nuclei
thalamus (ventral lateral nucleus)
123
what is the general pathway of the cerebrocerebellum
1) cerebral cortex (esp motor)
2) ipsilateral deep pontine nuc (via corticopontine fibers)
3) decussate (via transverse pontocerebellar fibers)
4) middle cerebellar peduncle
5) lateral cerebellar hemi (cerebrocerebellum)
6) dentate nucleus
7) superior cerebellar peduncle
8) contralateral thalamus (VL) and red nucleus (dentotrubrothalamic fibers)
9) motor cortex and rubrospinal tract
124
where does information from the CC pathway come from
cerebral cortex (esp motor)
125
information from the motor cortex in the CC goes down to the deep ipsilateral pontine nuclei via what fibers)
corticopointine fibers
126
information from the deep ipsilateral pontine nuclei in the CC decussates to contralateral side via what fibers
transverse pontocerebellar fibers
127
what peduncle does info from the cerebrocerebellum enter (via transverse pontocerebellar fibres)
middle cerebellar peduncle
128
what is the only cerebellar pathway that uses the middle cerebellar peduncle
cerebrocerebellumi
129
info carried by transverse pontocerebellar fibers entering the middle cerebellar peduncles in the CC pathway can synapse directly with what deep cerebellar output nuclei
dentate
130
info carried by transverse pontocerebellar fibers entering the middle cerebellar peduncles in the CC pathway can synapse indirectly with dentate nuclei via what cells
purkinje and granule
131
where is the dentate nucleus located
lateral cerebellar hemispheres (cerebrocerebellim
132
information goes from the dentate nucleus exits the cerebellum via what pentacle
superior cerebellar peduncle
133
information goes from the dentate nucleus exits the cerebellum via what fibers
dentatorubrothalamic fibers
134
what are the two locations information can go to after synapsing with the dentate nucleus in the CC pathway
contralateral thalamic or red nuclei (via dentatorubrothalamic fibers)
135
what are the two final pathways/locations of the CC pathway
1) motor cortex
2) rubrospinal tract
136
information going from the thalamus to the cortex is carried by what fibers
thalamocortical fibers
137
information going from the red nucleus downwards is carried by what fibers
rubrospinal fibers
138
be able to draw the cerebrocerebellar pathways
139
what is the only cerebellar pathway with no connection to the cortex
vestibulocerebellar
140
disease or damage to the cerebellar affect what of voluntary movements
spatial accuracy and timing of voluntary movements =ipsialteral ataxia
141
cerebellar damage affects spatial accuracy and timing of BLANK
voluntary movements =ipsialteral ataxia
142
cerebellar lesions leads to ipsilateral or contralateral ataxia
ipsilateral
143
what are the range of symptoms for cerebellar lesions
dysmetria
dysdiadochokineasia
intention tremors
postrual/gait instability
nystagmus
hypotonia
dysarthria
144
explain dysmetria
wrong lennght
=miscalculation of trajectory to a target (under of overshooting)
145
wrong lennght
=miscalculation of trajectory to a target (under of overshooting)
what's the nake
dysmetria
146
what is dysdiadochokinesia
difficulty performing repetitive movements
147
difficulty performing repetitive movements is called what
dysdiadochokinesia
148
what are intention tremors
involuntary, rhythmic contractions during purposeful movement
149
150
involuntary, rhythmic contractions during purposeful movement
is what
intention tremors
151
difficulty ttanding and or walking is called what
postural and gait instability
152
what is nystagmus
involuntary, rhythmic eye movements
153
involuntary, rhythmic eye movements is called what
nystagmus
154
what is hypotonia q
decreased muscle tone, resistance to passive movement
155
decreased muscle tone, resistance to passive movement is called what
hypotonia
156
what is dysarthria
uncoordinated speech
157
uncoordinated speech is called what
dysarthria
158
what is anterior lobe syndrome
gait ataxia due to inability to process proprioceptive infromnation from limbs
159
gait ataxia due to inability to process proprioceptive infromnation from limbs is associated with what syndrom
anterior lobe symrone
160
give an example of a transient anterior lobe syndomr
ethanol induced gait ataxia
=toxicity to purkinje fibers, especially in anterior lobe
161
what is flocculonodular lobe syndrome and midline cerebellar lesions
truncal ataxia due to instability of imbalance of axial musculature, swaying, wide based stance, nystagmus (vestibuloocoular pathways)
162
truncal ataxia due to instability of imbalance of axial musculature, swaying, wide based stance, nystagmus (vestibuloocoular pathways)
is what lesion/syndrom
flocculonodular lobe syndrome and midline cerebellar lesions
163
what is posterior lobe syndome or lesions to cerebrocerebellar
deficits in hand-eye coordination, dysmetria, diadiadochokineas, dysarthria, fine movemetns
164
deficits in hand-eye coordination, dysmetria, diadiadochokineas, dysarthria, fine movemetns is assocaited with what syndrome/lesion
posterior lobe syndrome or cerebrocerebllar pathways
165
what is an example of a posterior lobe syndrom
demyleinating disorders, midbrain infarcts
166
what cerebellar pathways use the ventral lateral nuclei of the thalamus
cerebrocerebellar
spinocerebellar
167
what is the only cerebellar pathway that does not communicate with the thalamus
vestibulocerebellar
168
the cerebrocerebellar communicates with what two major nucleui
| outside the crerebellum
thalamus (ventral lateral) and red nucleus
169
the spinocerebellar communicates with what two major nucleui
| outside the cerebellum
thalamus (ventral lateral) and red nucleus)
170
the vestibulocerebellar pathways communicates with what two major nucleui
| outsidethe crebellum
reticular formation and vestibular nuclei
171
information from inner ear goes to what pathway to enter cerebellum
vestibulocerebellum (via vestibular nuclei)
172
information from unconcious proprioception goes tot what pathway to enter the cerebellum
spinocerebellum
173
information from motor cortex goes to what pathway to enter cerebellum
cerebrocerebellum
174
what are the two important nuclei of the thalamus for the basal nuclei pathway
ventral anterior and ventral lateral
175
what are the afferent fibers that form the superior cerebellar peduncles
ventralspinocerebellar fibers
rostral spinocerebellar fibers
176
what are the efferent fibers that form the superior cerebellar peduncles
interpositorubrothalamic fibers
dentatorubrothalamic fibers
177
what are the afferent fibers that form the middle cerebellar peduncles
transverse pontocerebellar fibers
178
what are the efferent fibers that form the middle cerebellar peduncles
none
179
true or false, the middle cerebellar peduncles are formed by both efferent and afferent tracts
false, no efferent onyl afferent
180
what are the afferent fibers that form the inferior cerebellar peduncles
dorsal spinocerebellar fibers
cuneospinocerebellar fibers
vestibulocerebellar fibers
olivocerebellar fibers
181
what are the efferent fibers that form the inferior cerebellar peduncles
fastrigial-vestibualr fibers
fastigual-reticular fibers
