Lecture 1: Intro

Question 1

the excitable nerve cells in the nerve system are knwn as what

Answer 1

neurons

Question 2

the non excitable cells in the nervous system are known as what

Answer 2

neuroglia

Question 3

do we have more neurons or neuroglia

Answer 3

neuroglia

Question 4

what makes us the CNS

Answer 4

brain and spinal cord (tracts and nuclei)

Question 5

what makes up the PNS

Answer 5

everything outside the CNS (nerves and ganglia(

Question 6

true or false: neuroglia is the functional and structural unit of the nervous system

Answer 6

false, neurons are

Question 7

do neurons information travel uni or bi directionally

Answer 7

unidirectionally along axos

Question 8

what are the 3 parts of a nerve

Answer 8

dendrites, axcon and cell body

Question 9

what is the function of the dendrites

Answer 9

receive info (from other neurons)

Question 10

what is the function of the cell body

Answer 10

processes info

Question 11

what is the function of the axon

Answer 11

relatys info as electrical signals (can be very long)

Question 12

what is the fucntion of axon terminals

Answer 12

synapse to pass info to other cells/tissues via chemical signals

Question 13

where are the sent out

Answer 13

at axon terminals

Question 14

peripheral somatic neruons are typically what kind

Answer 14

multipolar (motor) or psudounipolar (sensory)

Question 15

peripheral somatic neurons that are multipolar are usually associated with motor or sensory signals

Answer 15

motor (efferent)

Question 16

peripheral somatic neurons that are pseudounipolar are usually associated with motor or sensory signals

Answer 16

sensory (afferent)

Question 17

what is the ratio of neuroglia to nerouns

Answer 17

10:1

Question 18

are glial cells considered excitable or non excitable

Answer 18

non excitable

Question 19

give some examples of the functions of glial cells (non-excitable)

Answer 19

physical support for neurons
ion homeostasis and nutritive functions
insulate neurons (myelanation of axon)
immune function
polydendrocytes act as stem cells in the CNS (neurogenerative)

Question 20

polydendrocytes act as what in the CNS

Answer 20

stem cells in the CNS (neurogenerative)

Question 21

what are some examples of glial cells

Answer 21

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes (CNS)
neurolemmocytes (Schwann cell) (PNS)
microglia
ependymal cells
Satellite cells (PNS)

Question 22

understand the anatomical plan and direcitonal terms

Question 23

what is the neural tube derived from

Answer 23

ectoderm (outer layer)

Question 24

what do muscle bone microglia come from

Answer 24

mesoderm (middle layer)

Question 25

what do gut tube and associated digestivbe organs come from

Answer 25

endoderm (inner layer)

Question 26

ecxplain how the neural tube is formed

Answer 26

ectoderm forms neural folds that reach dorsally and come together to form a hollow tube

Question 27

what initiates the process of creating the neural tube

Answer 27

notochord

Question 28

what do the tips in neurol folds become

Answer 28

neural crest cells

Question 29

the neural crest cells form what

Answer 29

peripheral neurons, pigment cells (melanocytes), craniofacial bones and cartilage, neurolemmocytes (schwann cells)

Question 30

prosencephalon (forebran) divides into what

Answer 30

telencephalon (then becomes the cerebral hemispheres) And diencephaolon

Question 31

mesencephalon becomes what during CNS development

Answer 31

stays mesencephalon then is considered midbrain

Question 32

what does the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) diving into

Answer 32

metencephalon and myelencephelon

Question 33

what does metencephalon become in mature brain

Answer 33

pons cerebellum

Question 34

what does myelencephalon become in mature brain

Answer 34

medulla oblongata

Question 35

what are the 5 major CNS components

Answer 35

cerebrum diencephalon brainstem cerebellum spinal cord

Question 36

what are the aspects of te cerebrum

Answer 36

cortex and subcortical structures

Question 37

what are the aspects of the dienceptalon

Answer 37

thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 38

what are the 3 partitions of the brainstem

Answer 38

midbrain pons and medulla oblongata

Question 39

where do 10/12 cranial nervres emerge from

Answer 39

brain stem

Question 40

what part of the CNS is considered the little brain

Answer 40

cerebellum

Question 41

true or false, cranial nerves are considered central nervous system

Answer 41

false, peripheral

Question 42

what are the 2 structural divisions of the nervous system

Answer 42

central and peripheral nervous system

Question 43

processing and coordinating info is important for the CNS or PNS

Answer 43

CNS

Question 44

sending out and brining in info is important for the CNS or PNS

Answer 44

PNS

Question 45

what are the 2 functional divisions of the PNS

Answer 45

somatic nervous system visceral nervous system

Question 46

what are the differences between somatic and visceral nervous system

Answer 46

somatic: volunterary (contaction of muscles, temp, pain, touch, proprioception) visceral: autonomic (heart rate, nauseau, hunger, glandular secretion)

Question 47

be able to understand the nervous system organization

Answer 47

.

Question 48

be able to understand somatotopic organization

Answer 48

j

Question 49

white matter in the brain is axons or cell bodies

Answer 49

BUNDLES OF AXONS

Question 50

white matter in the CNS are budles of axons known as

Answer 50

tracts

Question 51

white matter in the PNS are budles of axons known as

Answer 51

nerves

Question 52

true or false: there is an inverse relationship between grey and white matter in the cerebrum vs spinal cord

Answer 52

true

Question 53

grey matter in the brain is axons or cell bodies

Answer 53

collections of cell bodies

Question 54

grey matter in the CNS are collections of cell bodies known as

Answer 54

nuclei

Question 55

grey matter in the PNS are collections of cell bodies known as

Answer 55

ganglia