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ANAT 323 > Lecture 1: Intro > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Intro Flashcards

1
Q

the excitable nerve cells in the nerve system are knwn as what

A

neurons

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2
Q

the non excitable cells in the nervous system are known as what

A

neuroglia

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3
Q

do we have more neurons or neuroglia

A

neuroglia

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4
Q

what makes us the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord (tracts and nuclei)

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5
Q

what makes up the PNS

A

everything outside the CNS (nerves and ganglia(

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6
Q

true or false: neuroglia is the functional and structural unit of the nervous system

A

false, neurons are

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7
Q

do neurons information travel uni or bi directionally

A

unidirectionally along axos

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8
Q

what are the 3 parts of a nerve

A

dendrites, axcon and cell body

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9
Q

what is the function of the dendrites

A

receive info (from other neurons)

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10
Q

what is the function of the cell body

A

processes info

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11
Q

what is the function of the axon

A

relatys info as electrical signals (can be very long)

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12
Q

what is the fucntion of axon terminals

A

synapse to pass info to other cells/tissues via chemical signals

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13
Q

where are the sent out

A

at axon terminals

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14
Q

peripheral somatic neruons are typically what kind

A

multipolar (motor) or psudounipolar (sensory)

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15
Q

peripheral somatic neurons that are multipolar are usually associated with motor or sensory signals

A

motor (efferent)

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16
Q

peripheral somatic neurons that are pseudounipolar are usually associated with motor or sensory signals

A

sensory (afferent)

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17
Q

what is the ratio of neuroglia to nerouns

A

10:1

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18
Q

are glial cells considered excitable or non excitable

A

non excitable

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19
Q

give some examples of the functions of glial cells (non-excitable)

A

physical support for neurons
ion homeostasis and nutritive functions
insulate neurons (myelanation of axon)
immune function
polydendrocytes act as stem cells in the CNS (neurogenerative)

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20
Q

polydendrocytes act as what in the CNS

A

stem cells in the CNS (neurogenerative)

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21
Q

what are some examples of glial cells

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes (CNS)
neurolemmocytes (Schwann cell) (PNS)
microglia
ependymal cells
Satellite cells (PNS)

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22
Q

understand the anatomical plan and direcitonal terms

A
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23
Q

what is the neural tube derived from

A

ectoderm (outer layer)

24
Q

what do muscle bone microglia come from

A

mesoderm (middle layer)

25
Q

what do gut tube and associated digestivbe organs come from

A

endoderm (inner layer)

26
Q

ecxplain how the neural tube is formed

A

ectoderm forms neural folds that reach dorsally and come together to form a hollow tube

27
Q

what initiates the process of creating the neural tube

A

notochord

28
Q

what do the tips in neurol folds become

A

neural crest cells

29
Q

the neural crest cells form what

A

peripheral neurons, pigment cells (melanocytes), craniofacial bones and cartilage, neurolemmocytes (schwann cells)

30
Q

prosencephalon (forebran) divides into what

A

telencephalon (then becomes the cerebral hemispheres)
And diencephaolon

31
Q

mesencephalon becomes what during CNS development

A

stays mesencephalon then is considered midbrain

32
Q

what does the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) diving into

A

metencephalon and myelencephelon

33
Q

what does metencephalon become in mature brain

A

pons
cerebellum

34
Q

what does myelencephalon become in mature brain

A

medulla oblongata

35
Q

what are the 5 major CNS components

A

cerebrum
diencephalon
brainstem
cerebellum
spinal cord

36
Q

what are the aspects of te cerebrum

A

cortex and subcortical structures

37
Q

what are the aspects of the dienceptalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus

38
Q

what are the 3 partitions of the brainstem

A

midbrain
pons and medulla oblongata

39
Q

where do 10/12 cranial nervres emerge from

A

brain stem

40
Q

what part of the CNS is considered the little brain

A

cerebellum

41
Q

true or false, cranial nerves are considered central nervous system

A

false, peripheral

42
Q

what are the 2 structural divisions of the nervous system

A

central and peripheral nervous system

43
Q

processing and coordinating info is important for the CNS or PNS

A

CNS

44
Q

sending out and brining in info is important for the CNS or PNS

A

PNS

45
Q

what are the 2 functional divisions of the PNS

A

somatic nervous system
visceral nervous system

46
Q

what are the differences between somatic and visceral nervous system

A

somatic: volunterary (contaction of muscles, temp, pain, touch, proprioception)

visceral: autonomic (heart rate, nauseau, hunger, glandular secretion)

47
Q

be able to understand the nervous system organization

A

.

48
Q

be able to understand somatotopic organization

A

j

49
Q

white matter in the brain is axons or cell bodies

A

BUNDLES OF AXONS

50
Q

white matter in the CNS are budles of axons known as

A

tracts

51
Q

white matter in the PNS are budles of axons known as

A

nerves

52
Q

true or false: there is an inverse relationship between grey and white matter in the cerebrum vs spinal cord

A

true

53
Q

grey matter in the brain is axons or cell bodies

A

collections of cell bodies

54
Q

grey matter in the CNS are collections of cell bodies known as

A

nuclei

55
Q

grey matter in the PNS are collections of cell bodies known as

A

ganglia

56
Q
A

ANAT 323 (25 decks)

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