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ANAT 323 > lecture 20: cerebral cortex > Flashcards

lecture 20: cerebral cortex Flashcards

1
Q

which lobe contains the primary motor cortexf

A

frpotnal

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2
Q

which lobe contains the primary olfactory cortex

A

temporal lobe (piriform, uncus, anterior hippocampampal gyrus)

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3
Q

which lobe contains the primary gustatory cortex

A

insula
(frontal and parietal operculum)

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4
Q

which lobe contains the inferior gyrus with 3 distinct partition

A

frontal

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5
Q

which lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex

A

parietal

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6
Q

which lobe contains the primary auditory

A

temporal (superior and transverse temporal)

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7
Q

which lobe contains the cortical components of the limbic system

A

F, P and T (cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal)

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8
Q

which lobe contains the primary visual cortex

A

occipital

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9
Q

which lobe contains the frontal eye fields

A

frontal

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10
Q

what are the main functional cortical area (6)

A

primary somatosensory
primary motor cortex
primary visual cortex
primary olfactory corte
primary gustatory cortez
primary auditory cortez

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11
Q

where is the primary motor cortex

A

pres central gyrus (frontal lobe)
=also on medial aspect of frontal lobe

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12
Q

where is the primary somatosensory cortex

A

post central gyrus (parietal)
=also on medial aspect of parietal lobe)

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13
Q

where is the primary visual cortex

A

surrounding and within the calcarine sulcus (occipital lobe)
=mostly medial

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14
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex

A

superior and transverse temporal gyrus (temporal lobe)
=within lateral sulcus

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15
Q

where is the primary olfactory cortex

A

mostly on medial.inferior aspects of piriform cortex (temporal lobe)

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16
Q

where is the primary gustatory cortex

A

anterior insula (frontal and parietal operculum)

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17
Q

what are the main association cortices (5 and 2 language ones)

A

1) premotor cortez
2) supplementary motor cortex

3) somatosensory association cortex
4) auditory association cortex
5) visual association cortex

brooks and wernickes

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18
Q

what blood vessel supplies brocas

A

middle cerebral

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19
Q

what blood vessel supplies wernickes

A

middle cerebral

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20
Q

what is the main function of the premotor and supplementary motor area

A

=planning and initiation of movement to then send to motor cortex
(ex: movements that require multiple muscles at once)

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21
Q

movements that require multiple muscles at once involve planning nd initiation from the motor or premotor area

A

premotor

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22
Q

true or false: a lesion to the premotor and supplementary cortex will lead to spastic paraylsys

A

false, it will not
rather it will lead to difficulty with coordination (not able to do complex motor movements such as piano)

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23
Q

a lesion to pre motor and supplementary motor area will cause what types of deficits

A

not spastic paralysis but rather it will lead to difficulty with coordination (not able to do complex motor movements such as piano)

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24
Q

is brocas associated with motor or parietal lobe

A

motor

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25
what is the main function of the somatosensory association cortex
=analysis and recognition of somatosensory information (making sense of shape, texture, details)
26
analysis and recognition of sensory information (making sense of shape, texture, details) is what crotex
somatosensory association cortex
27
true or false: a lesion to the somatosensory association cortex will lead to inability to recognize complex objects in terms of tactile info
true
28
a lesion to the somatosensory association cortex will lead to what deficits
a lesion to the somatosensory association cortex will lead to inability to recognize complex objects in terms of tactile info
29
where is the main location of the somatosensory association cortex
superior parietal lobule and blends into the visual association area
30
what is the main function of the visual assocaiation cortex
helping identify colour, shapes, facial recognition
31
true or false: a lesion to the visual association cortex will lead to visual field deficits
false that is a lesion to the primary visual cortex
32
a lesion to the visual association cortex will lead to difficulties with what
a lesion to the visual association cortex will lead to difficulties with colour, shape, and facial recognition
33
what are the 2 streams of the visual association cortex
dorsal and ventral
34
where is the location of the auditory association crotex
superior temporal lobe
35
what is the function of the auditory association crotex
helps with localizing sounds, pitch, timing etc
36
a lesion to the auditory association cortex will lead to difficulties with what
difficulty interpreting pitch, location, timing, sequence of sounds
37
"where are how" of vision is associated with dorsal or ventral stream
dorsal
38
the "what" of vision is assocaited with ventral or dorsal stream
ventral
39
where is the dorsal stream of visual processing pathway
parietal lobe
40
where is the ventral stream of visual processing pathway
temporal lobe
41
the temporal lobe is associated with the dorsal or ventral stream
ventral
42
the parietal lobe is associated with the dorsal or ventral stream
dorsal
43
what is the general functions of the dorsal stream of the visual processing pathway
understanding where objects are in space to facilitate visually-guided actions/behaviours (analysis of the surrounding environment to facilitate navigation) interaction with and manipulation of objects (hand eye coordination)
44
understanding where objects are in space to facilitate visually-guided actions/behaviours (analysis of the surrounding environment to facilitate navigation) interaction with and manipulation of objects (hand eye coordination) is the dorsal or ventral stream
dorsal
44
the dorsal stream uses information from the entire visual field or the centre of visual field
entire visual field (whole retina)
45
what is the general functions of the ventral stream of the visual processing pathway
involved in recognition and identification of visual stimulation -colours, shapes, patterns, spatial relationships
46
involved in recognition and identification of visual stimulation -colours, shapes, patterns, spatial relationships is the ventral or dorsal strea
ventral
47
true or false: the ventral stream has close connections to the limbic system
true
48
the ventral stream uses information from the entire visual field or the centre of visual field
centre of visual field (landing on fovea/macula)
49
what are the general function of the multimodal association areas
to integrate and combine multiple sensory modalities for use in cognitive processes
50
what are the 3 types of multimodal assocaiteion areas
parietal multimodal temporal multimodal frontal multimodal
51
what is an example of a frontal multimodal association area
pre fontal cortex
52
will lesions to multimodal association areas lead to ipsialteral or contralateral deficits
contralaterion
53
what will lesions to multimodal association areas cause
a wide variety of complex cognitive, language and or sensory deficits
54
contralateral hemineglect syndrome is a problem with what multimodal association crotex
parietal multimodal assocaition cortex
55
awareness of self and space around you is facilitated by what multimodal association area
parietal
56
somatosensory info and visual info coming together is what multimodal association area
parietal
57
limbic info and visual info coming together is what multimodal association area
temporal multimodal association areas
58
facial recognition area is in what assocaitioncortex
temporal multimodal association areas
59
lesions to the temporal multimodal association areas can lead to what
inability to recognize faces objects =agnosia
60
inability to recognize faces objects =agnosia is associated with lesion to what multimodal area
temporal
61
true or false: the prefrontal cortex is a primary cortex
false, it is a multimodal area
62
what is the executive function of the prefrontal cortex
decision making based on past experiences and present environment monitor behaviour judgement and awareness cognitive processess
63
decision making based on past experiences and present environment monitor behaviour judgement and awareness cognitive processess is associated with what multimodal area
prefrontal cortex
64
lesions to the prefrontal cortex lead to deficits in what
loss of ability to solve complex probelms loss of ambition short attention span inappropriate social responses (aggression) rapid mood swings
65
loss of ability to solve complex probelms loss of ambition short attention span inappropriate social responses (aggression) rapid mood swings is associated with a lesion to where
prefrontal cortex
66
the limbic system is distributed through what lobes
frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes
67
what are the 4 major functions of the limbic cortex
homeostatsis, olfaction, memory, emotion
68
lesions to the limbic cortex lead to what deficits
damage related to specific regions of damage ex: lesion to temporal lobe will lead to amnesia (memory), olfactory deficits, decreased fear/aggression
69
damage related to specific regions of damage ex: lesion to temporal lobe will lead to amnesia (memory), olfactory deficits, decreased fear/aggression is related with lesions to where
limbic cortex in temporal lobe
70
give examples of structures in the limbic cortex
amygdaloid body, hippocampus (dentate gyrus) mamillary body, hypothalamus
71
languages cortices are located in the dominant or non dominantt hemisphere
dominant
72
are language cortices located in the right or left hemispheres
left
73
which is the motor speech area: broca or wernickes
broca
74
what is the location of the brocas area
pars opercularis and parts triangular of inferior frontal gyrus
75
pars opercularis and parts triangular of inferior frontal gyrus is associated wihth brocas or wenicks
brocas
76
what is the location of the wernickes area
superior temporal gyrus, extending into ventral aspect of parietal lobe
77
superior temporal gyrus, extending into ventral aspect of parietal lobe is assocaited with brocas or wernickes
wernickes
78
what is the function of the brocas area
premotor area involved in controlling muscles for speech and writing
79
premotor area involved in controlling muscles for speech and writing is broca or wernickes
broca
80
directing motor language output is broca or wernicke
broca
81
is brocas a premotor area or a multimodal association area
premotor
82
is wernickes a premotor area or a multimodal association area
multimodal association area
83
are the broca and wernick connected
yes by arcuate fasciculus
84
what is the structure that connects brocas and wernickes
arcuate fasciculus
85
what is the function of the wernickes area
multimodal association area involved in language comprehension and expression of thoughts
86
multimodal association area involved in language comprehension and expression of thoughts is brocas or wernickes
wernickes
87
is directing language processing brocas or wernickes
wernickes
88
lesions to brocas area, wernickes area, the arcuate fasciculus, primary motor cortex and other language area result in what
aphasia
89
what are the 3 types of aphasia discussed in class
brocas apashia wernickes aphasia conduction aphasia
90
brocas aphasia is aka
non fluent aphasia
91
wernickes aphasia is aka
fluent aphasia
92
conduction aphasia is aka
associative aphasia
93
speech is not fluent, person can comprehend language, person cannot repeat words is brocas, wernickes or conductive aphasia
brocas
94
speech is fluent, person cannot comprehend language, person can't repeat words is brocas, wernickes or conductive aphasia
wernickes apashia
95
speech is fluent, person can comprehend language, person can't repeat words is brocas, wernickes or conductive aphasia
conductive aphasia
96
explain brocas aphasia
difficulty with speaking, writing and production of speech difficulty initiation language (its choppy, haulting speech, syntax and grammar disorder)
97
difficulty with speaking, writing and production of speech difficulty initiation language (its choppy, haulting speech, syntax and grammar disorder) is what type of aphasia
brocas
98
explain wernickes aphasia
speech is fluent but cannot actually understand language sounds gibberish
99
speech is fluent but cannot actually understand language sounds gibberish is what type of aphasia
wernickes
100
explain conduction aphasion
person can process language but cannot repeat words (usually damage to arcuate fasciluculus)
101
person can process language but cannot repeat words (usually damage to arcuate fasciluculus) is what type of aphasia
conduction aphasia
102
damage to the arcuate fasciculus is usually assocaited with what type of aphasia
conduction aphasia
103
someone thinks "i want an apple" but says "i....i....ap.... apple..." is what type of aphasia
brocas
104
someone thinks "i want an apple" but says "marvel yet leen i hem" is what type of aphasia
wernickes
105
someone asks you to repeat "apple" but you can't, what type of aphasia
conduction
106
true or false, in conduction aphasia fluency and comprehension is in tact
true
107

ANAT 323 (25 decks)

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