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ANAT 323 > lecture 20: cerebral cortex > Flashcards

lecture 20: cerebral cortex Flashcards

1
Q

which lobe contains the primary motor cortexf

A

frpotnal

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2
Q

which lobe contains the primary olfactory cortex

A

temporal lobe (piriform, uncus, anterior hippocampampal gyrus)

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3
Q

which lobe contains the primary gustatory cortex

A

insula
(frontal and parietal operculum)

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4
Q

which lobe contains the inferior gyrus with 3 distinct partition

A

frontal

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5
Q

which lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex

A

parietal

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6
Q

which lobe contains the primary auditory

A

temporal (superior and transverse temporal)

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7
Q

which lobe contains the cortical components of the limbic system

A

F, P and T (cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal)

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8
Q

which lobe contains the primary visual cortex

A

occipital

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9
Q

which lobe contains the frontal eye fields

A

frontal

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10
Q

what are the main functional cortical area (6)

A

primary somatosensory
primary motor cortex
primary visual cortex
primary olfactory corte
primary gustatory cortez
primary auditory cortez

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11
Q

where is the primary motor cortex

A

pres central gyrus (frontal lobe)
=also on medial aspect of frontal lobe

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12
Q

where is the primary somatosensory cortex

A

post central gyrus (parietal)
=also on medial aspect of parietal lobe)

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13
Q

where is the primary visual cortex

A

surrounding and within the calcarine sulcus (occipital lobe)
=mostly medial

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14
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex

A

superior and transverse temporal gyrus (temporal lobe)
=within lateral sulcus

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15
Q

where is the primary olfactory cortex

A

mostly on medial.inferior aspects of piriform cortex (temporal lobe)

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16
Q

where is the primary gustatory cortex

A

anterior insula (frontal and parietal operculum)

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17
Q

what are the main association cortices (5 and 2 language ones)

A

1) premotor cortez
2) supplementary motor cortex

3) somatosensory association cortex
4) auditory association cortex
5) visual association cortex

brooks and wernickes

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18
Q

what blood vessel supplies brocas

A

middle cerebral

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19
Q

what blood vessel supplies wernickes

A

middle cerebral

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20
Q

what is the main function of the premotor and supplementary motor area

A

=planning and initiation of movement to then send to motor cortex
(ex: movements that require multiple muscles at once)

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21
Q

movements that require multiple muscles at once involve planning nd initiation from the motor or premotor area

A

premotor

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22
Q

true or false: a lesion to the premotor and supplementary cortex will lead to spastic paraylsys

A

false, it will not
rather it will lead to difficulty with coordination (not able to do complex motor movements such as piano)

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23
Q

a lesion to pre motor and supplementary motor area will cause what types of deficits

A

not spastic paralysis but rather it will lead to difficulty with coordination (not able to do complex motor movements such as piano)

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24
Q

is brocas associated with motor or parietal lobe

A

motor

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25
Q

what is the main function of the somatosensory association cortex

A

=analysis and recognition of somatosensory information (making sense of shape, texture, details)

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26
Q

analysis and recognition of sensory information (making sense of shape, texture, details) is what crotex

A

somatosensory association cortex

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27
Q

true or false: a lesion to the somatosensory association cortex will lead to inability to recognize complex objects in terms of tactile info

A

true

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28
Q

a lesion to the somatosensory association cortex will lead to what deficits

A

a lesion to the somatosensory association cortex will lead to inability to recognize complex objects in terms of tactile info

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29
Q

where is the main location of the somatosensory association cortex

A

superior parietal lobule and blends into the visual association area

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30
Q

what is the main function of the visual assocaiation cortex

A

helping identify colour, shapes, facial recognition

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31
Q

true or false: a lesion to the visual association cortex will lead to visual field deficits

A

false that is a lesion to the primary visual cortex

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32
Q

a lesion to the visual association cortex will lead to difficulties with what

A

a lesion to the visual association cortex will lead to difficulties with colour, shape, and facial recognition

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33
Q

what are the 2 streams of the visual association cortex

A

dorsal and ventral

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34
Q

where is the location of the auditory association crotex

A

superior temporal lobe

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35
Q

what is the function of the auditory association crotex

A

helps with localizing sounds, pitch, timing etc

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36
Q

a lesion to the auditory association cortex will lead to difficulties with what

A

difficulty interpreting pitch, location, timing, sequence of sounds

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37
Q

“where are how” of vision is associated with dorsal or ventral stream

A

dorsal

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38
Q

the “what” of vision is assocaited with ventral or dorsal stream

A

ventral

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39
Q

where is the dorsal stream of visual processing pathway

A

parietal lobe

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40
Q

where is the ventral stream of visual processing pathway

A

temporal lobe

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41
Q

the temporal lobe is associated with the dorsal or ventral stream

A

ventral

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42
Q

the parietal lobe is associated with the dorsal or ventral stream

A

dorsal

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43
Q

what is the general functions of the dorsal stream of the visual processing pathway

A

understanding where objects are in space to facilitate visually-guided actions/behaviours (analysis of the surrounding environment to facilitate navigation)

interaction with and manipulation of objects (hand eye coordination)

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44
Q

understanding where objects are in space to facilitate visually-guided actions/behaviours (analysis of the surrounding environment to facilitate navigation)

interaction with and manipulation of objects (hand eye coordination)

is the dorsal or ventral stream

A

dorsal

44
Q

the dorsal stream uses information from the entire visual field or the centre of visual field

A

entire visual field (whole retina)

45
Q

what is the general functions of the ventral stream of the visual processing pathway

A

involved in recognition and identification of visual stimulation
-colours, shapes, patterns, spatial relationships

46
Q

involved in recognition and identification of visual stimulation
-colours, shapes, patterns, spatial relationships

is the ventral or dorsal strea

A

ventral

47
Q

true or false: the ventral stream has close connections to the limbic system

A

true

48
Q

the ventral stream uses information from the entire visual field or the centre of visual field

A

centre of visual field (landing on fovea/macula)

49
Q

what are the general function of the multimodal association areas

A

to integrate and combine multiple sensory modalities for use in cognitive processes

50
Q

what are the 3 types of multimodal assocaiteion areas

A

parietal multimodal
temporal multimodal
frontal multimodal

51
Q

what is an example of a frontal multimodal association area

A

pre fontal cortex

52
Q

will lesions to multimodal association areas lead to ipsialteral or contralateral deficits

A

contralaterion

53
Q

what will lesions to multimodal association areas cause

A

a wide variety of complex cognitive, language and or sensory deficits

54
Q

contralateral hemineglect syndrome is a problem with what multimodal association crotex

A

parietal multimodal assocaition cortex

55
Q

awareness of self and space around you is facilitated by what multimodal association area

A

parietal

56
Q

somatosensory info and visual info coming together is what multimodal association area

A

parietal

57
Q

limbic info and visual info coming together is what multimodal association area

A

temporal multimodal association areas

58
Q

facial recognition area is in what assocaitioncortex

A

temporal multimodal association areas

59
Q

lesions to the temporal multimodal association areas can lead to what

A

inability to recognize faces objects
=agnosia

60
Q

inability to recognize faces objects
=agnosia is associated with lesion to what multimodal area

A

temporal

61
Q

true or false: the prefrontal cortex is a primary cortex

A

false, it is a multimodal area

62
Q

what is the executive function of the prefrontal cortex

A

decision making based on past experiences and present environment
monitor behaviour
judgement and awareness
cognitive processess

63
Q

decision making based on past experiences and present environment
monitor behaviour
judgement and awareness
cognitive processess

is associated with what multimodal area

A

prefrontal cortex

64
Q

lesions to the prefrontal cortex lead to deficits in what

A

loss of ability to solve complex probelms
loss of ambition
short attention span
inappropriate social responses (aggression)
rapid mood swings

65
Q

loss of ability to solve complex probelms
loss of ambition
short attention span
inappropriate social responses (aggression)
rapid mood swings

is associated with a lesion to where

A

prefrontal cortex

66
Q

the limbic system is distributed through what lobes

A

frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes

67
Q

what are the 4 major functions of the limbic cortex

A

homeostatsis, olfaction, memory, emotion

68
Q

lesions to the limbic cortex lead to what deficits

A

damage related to specific regions of damage
ex: lesion to temporal lobe will lead to amnesia (memory), olfactory deficits, decreased fear/aggression

69
Q

damage related to specific regions of damage
ex: lesion to temporal lobe will lead to amnesia (memory), olfactory deficits, decreased fear/aggression

is related with lesions to where

A

limbic cortex in temporal lobe

70
Q

give examples of structures in the limbic cortex

A

amygdaloid body, hippocampus (dentate gyrus)
mamillary body, hypothalamus

71
Q

languages cortices are located in the dominant or non dominantt hemisphere

A

dominant

72
Q

are language cortices located in the right or left hemispheres

A

left

73
Q

which is the motor speech area: broca or wernickes

A

broca

74
Q

what is the location of the brocas area

A

pars opercularis and parts triangular of inferior frontal gyrus

75
Q

pars opercularis and parts triangular of inferior frontal gyrus
is associated wihth brocas or wenicks

A

brocas

76
Q

what is the location of the wernickes area

A

superior temporal gyrus, extending into ventral aspect of parietal lobe

77
Q

superior temporal gyrus, extending into ventral aspect of parietal lobe is assocaited with brocas or wernickes

A

wernickes

78
Q

what is the function of the brocas area

A

premotor area involved in controlling muscles for speech and writing

79
Q

premotor area involved in controlling muscles for speech and writing is broca or wernickes

A

broca

80
Q

directing motor language output is broca or wernicke

A

broca

81
Q

is brocas a premotor area or a multimodal association area

A

premotor

82
Q

is wernickes a premotor area or a multimodal association area

A

multimodal association area

83
Q

are the broca and wernick connected

A

yes by arcuate fasciculus

84
Q

what is the structure that connects brocas and wernickes

A

arcuate fasciculus

85
Q

what is the function of the wernickes area

A

multimodal association area involved in language comprehension and expression of thoughts

86
Q

multimodal association area involved in language comprehension and expression of thoughts is brocas or wernickes

A

wernickes

87
Q

is directing language processing brocas or wernickes

A

wernickes

88
Q

lesions to brocas area, wernickes area, the arcuate fasciculus, primary motor cortex and other language area result in what

A

aphasia

89
Q

what are the 3 types of aphasia discussed in class

A

brocas apashia
wernickes aphasia
conduction aphasia

90
Q

brocas aphasia is aka

A

non fluent aphasia

91
Q

wernickes aphasia is aka

A

fluent aphasia

92
Q

conduction aphasia is aka

A

associative aphasia

93
Q

speech is not fluent, person can comprehend language, person cannot repeat words is brocas, wernickes or conductive aphasia

A

brocas

94
Q

speech is fluent, person cannot comprehend language, person can’t repeat words is brocas, wernickes or conductive aphasia

A

wernickes apashia

95
Q

speech is fluent, person can comprehend language, person can’t repeat words is brocas, wernickes or conductive aphasia

A

conductive aphasia

96
Q

explain brocas aphasia

A

difficulty with speaking, writing and production of speech
difficulty initiation language (its choppy, haulting speech, syntax and grammar disorder)

97
Q

difficulty with speaking, writing and production of speech
difficulty initiation language (its choppy, haulting speech, syntax and grammar disorder)

is what type of aphasia

A

brocas

98
Q

explain wernickes aphasia

A

speech is fluent but cannot actually understand language
sounds gibberish

99
Q

speech is fluent but cannot actually understand language
sounds gibberish

is what type of aphasia

A

wernickes

100
Q

explain conduction aphasion

A

person can process language but cannot repeat words (usually damage to arcuate fasciluculus)

101
Q

person can process language but cannot repeat words (usually damage to arcuate fasciluculus)

is what type of aphasia

A

conduction aphasia

102
Q

damage to the arcuate fasciculus is usually assocaited with what type of aphasia

A

conduction aphasia

103
Q

someone thinks “i want an apple” but says “i….i….ap…. apple…” is what type of aphasia

A

brocas

104
Q

someone thinks “i want an apple” but says “marvel yet leen i hem” is what type of aphasia

A

wernickes

105
Q

someone asks you to repeat “apple” but you can’t, what type of aphasia

A

conduction

106
Q

true or false, in conduction aphasia fluency and comprehension is in tact

A

true

107
Q
A

ANAT 323 (25 decks)

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