lecture 16: CN V and VII Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal n
A
opthlamaic
maxillary
madinbular
2
Q
is trigeminal mixed, sensory or motor
A
mixed
3
Q
where does the trigeminal n emerge from the pons
A
lateral aspect of the pons
4
Q
what is the only branch of the trigeminal n that carries motor fibers
A
only C V3 (mandibular)
5
Q
true or false: only the only C V3 (mandibular) carries sensory fibers
A
false, motor fibers
6
Q
in the trigeminal n, most primary sensory neurons cell bodies (pseudounipolar) are located where
A
in trigeminal ganglion
7
Q
where is the trigeminal ganglion located
A
near pons
8
Q
what is the dermatome distribution of the opthlamaic n
A
cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelid, anterior nose, anterior nasal cavity mucosa, mucosa of paranasal sinuses
9
Q
what foramen foes the ophthalmic n exit thru
A
superior orbital fissure
10
Q
what foramen foes the maxillary n exit thru
A
foramen rotundum
11
Q
what foramen foes the mandibular n exit thru
A
foramen ovale
12
Q
what is the dermatome distribution of the maxillary n
A
skin of the face over maxilla (upper lip, cheek), maxillary teeth, posterior nasal cavity mucosa, maxillary sinus and palate
13
Q
what is the dermatome distribution of the mandibular n
A
skin of the face over the mandible and sides of face, mandibular teeth, temporomadinular joint, oral mucusa, anterior 2.3 of tongu
14
Q
what muscle does the mandibulary n innervate
A
muscles of mastication
=temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids
tensr tympani
15
Q
true or false: all 3 divisions of the trigeminal n carry all somatosensory modalities
A
true
16
Q
what are the two trigeminal n nuclei
A
sensory trigeminal n (somatic sensory)
motor trigeminal nucleus (brainchian motor)
17
Q
what are the 3 parts of the sensory trigeminal nucleus
A
mesencephalic nucleus (midbrain/pons), chief nucleus (pons), spinal nucleus (pons to c3)
18
Q
the sensory trigeminal nucleus extends from where to where
A
midbrain to upper cervical spine
19
Q
where is the mesencephalic nucleus (of sensory trigeminal nucleus) located
A
midbrain/pons
20
Q
where is the chief nucleus (of sensory trigeminal nucleus located )
A
pons
21
Q
true or false: the chief nucleus carries only branchial motor
A
false, sensory info
22
Q
where is the spinal nucleus (of sensory trigeminal nucleus) located
A
(pons to c3)
23
Q
spinal trigeminal nucleus receives what type of info
A
pain and temperature (spinothalamic pathway)
24
Q
the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal n is continuous with BLANK in the spinal cord
A
dorsal column (since spinothalamic info is thru dorsal horns)
25
the spinal trigeminal tract is continuous with what in the spinal cord
dorsolateral tract
26
what is the function of the spinal trigeminal tract
acts as an elevator to allow information/axons to ascent or descent
27
what somatosensoation does the spinal nucleus receive
pain and temperate
28
what somatosensoation does the chief sensory nucleus receive
rfine touch and vibration (DCML)
29
true or false: the chief nucleus receives rfine touch and vibration (DCML)
true
30
true or false: the trigeminal tract only carries information from the spinal nucleus
fALSE, from all 3 trigeminal sensory nuclei
31
what information does the mesenphealic nucleus receive
non concious proprioception
32
what pathway is the mesencephalic nucleus equivalent to
spinocerebellar pathway
33
why is the mesephalic nucleus unique
since it contains cell bodies of primary sensory neurons (only knwoncause of primary sensory neurones with cell bodies in CNS)
34
most primary sensory neuron cell bodies of the trigeminal n are located in the trigeminal ganglion, except what exception
mesencephalic nucleus
contains cell bodies of primary sensory neurons (only knwoncause of primary sensory neurones with cell bodies in CNS)
35
be able to locate the different sensory and branchial motor nuclei i the brainstem
36
where is the motor trigeminal nucleus located
in the pons at the level where CN V emerges
37
why is the motor trigeminal nucleus considered branchial motor
since the muscles of mastication are derived from pharyngeal arches which lead to branchial motor (not somatic)
38
explain the ascending trigeminal pathway carrying fine touch, vibration and concious proprioceptions
1) primary sensory neuron in trigeminal ganglion
2) synapse with secondary sensory neuron in the chief nucleus of CN V
3) decussation
4) ascends in trigeminal nucleus
5) synapse with tertiary sensory neuron in the VPM of thalamus
6) internal capsule (genu)
7) to primary somatosensory cortex in most lateral area for head and neck
39
the trigeminal ganglion for fine touch vibration is equivalent to what in the DCML pathway
dorsal root ganglion
40
the chief nucleus of the CNV is equvileant to what in the DCML
nucleus cuneatus/gracilis
41
fine touch vibration and concious proprioception of trigemianl ascending pathway ascends as trigeminal leminscus is analogous to what in the DCML
medial lemiscus
42
what is the equivalent to the medial lemniscus in the trigeminal ascending pathway for fine touch, vibration etc
trigeminal leminscus
43
where does the synapse happen between secondary and tertiary neurons in the trigeminal ascending pathways
VPM of thalamus
44
what part of the internal capsule do fibers from the trigeminal ascending pathways
genu
45
explain the ascending trigeminal pathway carrying pain, temp, crude touch, pressure
1) primary sensory neuron in trigeminal ganglion
2) descend in spinal trigeminal tract
3) synapse with secondary sensory neuron in spinal trigeminal nucleus
4) decussation
5) ascends in trigeminothalamic tract
6) synapse with tertiary sensory neuron in the VPM of thalamus
6) internal capsule (genu)
7) to primary somatosensory cortex in most lateral area for head and neck
46
the spinal trigeminal tract is equivalent to what in the spinothalamic pathway
posterolateral tract
47
true or false" the spinal trigeminal nucleus is equivlanr to the anterior horn in the SC
false, the dorsal horn
48
true or false, there is no UMN control of trigeminal motor pathways
false, there is
49
explain the pathway of UMN control of corticonuclear fibers for trigeminal patway
1) UMN in primary motor cortex (pre central gyrus facial area)
2) corona radiata
3) internal capsule (genu)
4) cerebral peduncle
5) synapse with LMN bilaterally in motor trigeminal nuclei
=going to muscles of mastication
50
true or false, in UMN control of trigeminal motor, uMN synapse with LMN unilaterally in motor trigeminal nuclei
false, bilaterally
51
lesion to an UMN/corticonuclear tract of trigeminal motor pathway, will a unilateral lesion have a little or big effect
little because there is bilateral UMN control
52
is the jaw jerk reflex mono or poly synaptic reflex
mono (non conious therefore the primary sensory neon is actually located in the brainstem already=no need for interneours0
53
explain the jaw jerk reflex
1) stimulus = tap chin (stimulate the proprioceptors/muscle spindles in masseter, temporals etc)
2) afferent limb = sensory signals travel via V3 to motor nucleus of CN V via central process (sensory cell bodies in mesenphelaic nucleus of CN V9
3) synapse = in motor nucleus of CN V
4) efferent limb = motor signals travel via V3 to extrafusal fibers of muscles of masticuated
5) response = mandible elevates (close jaw)
54
explain the afferent limb of the jaw jerk reflex
sensory signals travel via V3 to the motor nucleus of the CN V
(cell bodies in mesenphalic nucleus of CN V)
55
where dos the synapse happen for the jaw jerk reflex
in motor nucleus of the CN V
56
true or false, the only branch of the trigeminal n involved in the jaw jerk reflex is the mandibular branch
true
57
explain the efferent limb of the jaw jerk reflex
motor signals travel via V3 to extrafusal fibers of muscles of mastication
58
in the jaw jerk reflex: motor signals travel via V3 to extrafusal fibers of what
of muscles of mastication
59
what is the response of the jaw jerk relfex
mandible elevates (close jaw)
60
true or false: the facial nerve is sensory only
false, mixed
61
where does the facial n emerge in brainstem
pontomedullar junction (lateral)
62
where does the facial n excite the skull
via internal acoustic meatus
63
after exited thru the internal acoustic meatus, where does the facial n travel trhru
facial canal
64
what makes up the facial n
motor root and nervus intermedius (sensory)
65
where are the cell bodies of the primary sensory neurons of the facial n located
geniculate ganglion
66
true or false: the cell bodies of the primary sensory neurons of the facial n are located in denticulate ganglion
false, geniculate
67
explain the parasumpathic cell body location for the facial n
preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies located in superior salivatory nuclei and the axons synapse either in pterygopalatine ganglion (for lacrimal gland)
or submandibular ganglion (for submandibular and sublingual glands)
68
where does the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons synapse in for the lacrimal gland
pterygopalatine ganglion
69
where does the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons synapse in for the submandibular and sublingual gland
submandibular ganglion
70
the facial cranial n excite the facial canal via what
stylomastoid foramen
71
what are the motor branches of the facial n
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical
72
how many facial n nuclei are there
4
73
in what aspect of the brainstem are the facial n nuclei located
in the caudal aspect of the pons
74
what its he somatic sensory nuclei of the facial n
sensory trigmeinal nucleus
| specifically cheif trigeminal nucleus and spinal trigmeninal sensory nuc
75
infromation from what area for the facial n is carried to the trigeminal sensory nucleus
sensory info of skin of external ear
76
what its the branchial motor nuclei of the facial n
facial motor nucleus
77
true or false: facial motor nucleus is branchial motor
tre=ue because it is derived muscles of facial expression are derived from pharyngeal arches
78
facial motor nucleus provides motor innervate to what
muscles of facial expression and 3 others
79
explain the passage of fibres from facial motor nucleus in relation to another nucleus
fibers loop around abducens nucleus, then exit ventrally
80
what is the clinical significance of the fact that facial motor fibers loop around abducens nucleus, then exit ventrally
abducens nucleus will often be associated with facial motor issues as well
81
what is the visceral motor nucleus of the facial n
superior salivary nucleus
82
the superior salivatoruy nucleus is associated with what in olfaction
associated with the salivary reflex in response to appetizing smells
83
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion synapsen in what nucleus
superior salivary nucleus (carries info from lacrimal gland to minor salivary gland)
84
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from submandibular ganglion synapsen in what nucleus
superior salivatory nucleus (carries info from submandibular and sublingual gland
85
true or false, the facial n nuclei nucleus solitaires is a special sensory nucleus
true
86
why is the nucleus solitaires of the facial n special
since it a nucleus that has 2 parts that carries different modalities
(normally, nucleus oney carries 1 modality)
87
nucleus solitaires carries taste sensation from what
anterior 2/3 of tongue
88
explain the UMN control via corticonuclear fibres of the facial nuclei
1) UMN in primary motor cortex (pre central gyrus in facial area)
2) corona radiata
3) internal capsule (genu)
4) cerebral peduncle
5) synapse with LMN in facial motor nuclie
=bilaterally for upper face
=contralaterally for lower face
89
true or false, in UMN for facial nucleus, the synapse with LMN in facial motor nucleus is
=bilaterally for lower face
=contralaterally for upper face
false,
=bilaterally for upper face
=contralaterally for lower face
90
explain the effect of a LMN lesion for facial n
results in complete paralysis of ipsilateral side of face (bells palsy) (upper and lower)
*eliminating all branchial motor innervation to the face*
91
explain the effect of a UMN (central.supranucleus) lesion for facial
results in paralysis of lower half of face on the contralateral side
92
true or false: lesion to a LMN of facial n results in paralysis of lower half of face on the contralateral side
false, thats for UMN
93
explain why a facial UMN lesion results in paralysis of lower half of face on the contralateral side
theupper half would still be receiving innevation from the contralateral side
94
know crocodile tear kinda
95
which of these is a polysynaptic reflex: corneal blind or jaw jerk
corneal
96
the corneal blink reflex is polysynaptic or mono synapstic
poly
97
the corneal blink reflexv receives what type of stimulus
nociceptive stimulus (in cornea)
98
explain the corneal blind reflex
1) sensory fibers (CN V1) synapsen in spinal part of sensory trigeminal nucleus
2) interneurons project to facial motor nuclei bilaterally
3) motor fibers (CN VII) from facial motor nuclei innervate orbiculares occult
4) response= blink
5) direct and consensual responses
99
add slides about hyperacusis
100
the trigemianl n is associated with what brainstem nuclei type
branchial motor
somatic sensory
101
what is the branchial motor nuclei called for the trigeminal n
motor trigeminal nucleus
102
what is the somatic sensory nuclei called for the trigeminal n
sensory trigeminal nuclei
103
what are the associated foramen of the trigeminal n
V1 = superior orbital fissure
V2= foramen rotundem
V3= foramen ovale
104
what is the function of the branchial motor of trigeminal n
to muscles of mastication, and tensor tympani
105
the facial n is associated with what brainstem nuclei type
branchial motor
visceral motor
somatic sensoru
special sensoru
106
what is the branchial motor nuclei called for the facial n
facial motor n
107
what is the visceral motor nuclei called for the facial n
superior salivator nucleus
108
what is the speficicsomatic sensory nuclei of the trigeminal sensory nuclei used for the facial n
spinal and chief sensory trigeminal nuclei
109
what is the special sensory nuclei called for the facial n
nucleus solitaris
110
what are the associated foramen for the facial n
internal acoustic meatus (anf facial canal and stlomastoid foramen)
111
the branchial motor of the facial n goes to
muscles of facial expression,. strapedius, stylohyoid, posterior digastic
112
the visceral motor of the facial n goes to
lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands
glands of nose/soft palate
113
the somatic sensory of the facial n carriesinfo from where
skin of external ear
114
whatis the special sensaton associated with nucleus solitaris
taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue and soft palate
115
what is hyperacusis
unsuall intolerance or sensitive to sound. Tensory tympani or stapedius damaged/no innervation which is usually used to dampen sound waves
116
what are the two muscles involved in hyperacusis issues
tensor tympani
stapedius
117
what is the function of the tensor tympani
pull on the malleus which tenses the tympanic membrane (lessens \dampens vibrations to inner ear)
118
what innervates the tensor tympani
trigeminal n (mandibular branch)
119
what is the function of the stapedius m
pull on the stapes (prevent excessive movement) decrease vibrations going into oval window
120
what inneravtes the stapedius
facial
121
what is 2 examples of lesions that could result in hyperacuisis
lesion to mandibular n
lesion to facial n
122
where are the 1 neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord for DCML
dorsal root
123
where are the 1 neuron cell bodies in trigeminal for DCML
trigeminal gangion
124
what are the central processes (axons) of primary neurons for the DCML in SC
dorsal column (fasciculus cuneatus and gracilis)
125
what are the central processes (axons) of primary neurons for the DCML in trigeminal n
trigeminal n
126
where is the synapse between primary and secondary neurons in DCML of SC
nucleus cuneatus and gracilis
127
where is the synapse between primary and secondary neurons in DCML of trigmeinal
chief trigeminal sensory nucleus
128
what is the decussation of 2 neuron called in DCML of SC
internal artucate fibers
129
what are the ascending secondary neuron axons of the DCML of SC called
medial lemnisuc
130
what are the ascending secondary neuron axons of the DCML of trigmeinal n called
trigeminal lemnisuc
131
what is the thalamic nucleus of the DCML in SC
VPL
132
what is the thalamic nucleus of the DCML in trigeminal
VPM
133
what is the destination i the primary somatosensory cortex for the DCCML in SC
to primary somato sensory cortex (post central gyrus most medial, superior and superior lateral)
134
what is the destination i the primary somatosensory cortex for the DCCML in trigmeinal n
to primary somato sensory cortex (lateral)
135
where are the primary neuron cell bodies in the ST pathway of SC
dorsal root ganglion
136
where are the primary neuron cell bodies in the ST pathway of trigmeinal n
trigeminal ganglion
137
where do the central processes (axons) of the primary neurons go in the ST pathway of the SC
dorsolaltearl tract
138
where do the central processes (axons) of the primary neurons go in the ST pathway of the trigeminal
spinal trigeminal tract
139
where does the decussation of secondary neurons occur in the ST pathway of SC
anterior white commissure
140
what are the ascending secondary neuron axons of the ST pathway in SC called
spinothalamic tract = becomes spinal lemniscus in the brainstem
141
where do the central processes (axons) of the primary neurons go in the ST pathway of the trgimeninal n
spinaltrigeminal tract
