lecture 9: brainstem Flashcards by Emily Pereira

what are the 3 broad functions of the brainstem

1) acts as a conduit for info passing to and from the cerebrum

2) contains nuclei for cranial nerves (3-12) (11 is associated with superior cervival region

3) integrative functions (micrutiontion, respiration, cardiovascular, cognition)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

explain how the brainstem acts as a conduit for information passing to and from the cerebrum

i because it has numerous relay nuclei

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the brainstem acts as a conduit for information passing to and from the BLANK

cerebrum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the brainstem contains nuclei for which cranial nerves

3-12 (except cranial n 11)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the brainstem contains nuclei for cranial nerves 3-12 EXCEPT WHICH and why

11 (since its associatd with the upper cervical region of SC)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

explain how the brainstem contains nuclei for the cranial nerves 3-12 (except 11)

sensory and motor functions of head and neck (except cranial n 10)

cranial nerves are equivalent to spinal n

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are some examples of integrative functions of the brainstem

mictruition, respiration, cardiovascular activity, conciousness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

true or false: the fornix is part of the brainstem

false, it is not

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are some structures of the ventral surface of the brainstem

cerebral peduncle
basilar sulcus
olive
pyramid
decussation of pyramids
interpenduncular dossa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is the fornix white or grey matter

white matter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is another name for pituitary stalk

infundibulum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what part of the brain is the cerebral peduncle located

midbrain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cerebral peduncles are important for sensory or motor pathways

motor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the space between the cerebral peduncles called

interpeduncullar fossa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cranial n 3 passes near what structure in the ventral surface of brainstem

near interpenduncullar fossa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where does the basilar a sit on the ventral surface of the brainstem

basilar sulcus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where are the cerebral peduncles located in relation to the pons

rostral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the important structures of the dorsal surface of brainstem

medial and spinal lem

cerebellar peduncles (sup, mid, inf)

hypoglossal trogon
vagal trigone
obex

trigeminal tubercle
tuberculum gracilis and cuneatus

facial colliculus
vestibular nucleus
cochlear nucleus

superior colliculs
inferior colliculus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are 2 important subnucleus of the thalamus on the dorsal surface of the braistem

medial geniculate nucleus
lateral geniculate nucleus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

medial geniculate nucleus
lateral geniculate nucleus

are important for what info

visual info and auditory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

superior cerebellar peduncle connects what two structures

midbrain to cerebellum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

middle cerebellar peduncle connects what two structures

pons to cerebellum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

inferior cerebellar peduncle connects what two structures

medulla to cerebellum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what 6 structures make the floor of the 4th ventricle

faciscual colliculus
vestibular nucleus
cochlea nucleus

hypoglassal trigone
vagal trigone
obex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where the 4th ventricle comes to a close and connects to the central canal is called the BLANK

obex

the tuberculum gracilis contains what important structure for the DCML

nucleus gracilis

what is the reticular formation

diffuse network of nucleus located throughout the tegmenjtum of the brainstem

the reticular formation is a diffuse network of nucleus located throughout the BLANK of the brainstem

tegmemtum

the reticular formationon is continuous with what two structures

diencephalic nuclei intermediate zone in spinal cord

what are the two formations of the reticular formation

rostral and caudal

where is the rostral reticular formation located

midbrain and rostral pons

the rostral reticular formation is involved in what activity

forebrain activity (consciousness) =attention, arousal and awake

where is the caudal reticular formation

caudal pons and medulla

what is the function of caudal reticular formation

premotor coordination, reflex and autonomic functions =cerebullum (spinal border cells, nucleus dorsally)

during development, the neural tube is divided into what two plates

alar and basal plates

what are the alar and basal plates divided by

shallow groove (sulcus limitans)

alar plate is dorsal or ventral

dorsal

alar plate contains sensory or motor info

sensory

basal plate contains sensory or motor info

motor

baasal plate is ventral or dorsal

ventral

add slides about the internal brainstem organization

out pouching of mesoderm are called what

branchial/ pharyngeal arches

is arch 1 or arch 6 more rostral

arch 1

what is derived from arch 1

muscles of mastication (CN V)

muscles of mastication (CN V) are derived from what arch

arch `

what is derived form arch 2

muscles fo facial expression (CN VII)

muscles fo facial expression (CN VII) derived from what arch

arch 2

what is derived from arch 3

stylopharyngess muscle (CN IX)

stylopharyngess muscle (CN IX) is derived from what arch

arch 3

what arch only forms 1 district muscle

true or false: arch 5 exists permanently

false, transiently

what is derived from arch 4

muscles of soft palate and larynx (CN X)

muscles of soft palate and larynx (CN X) are derived from what arch

what is derived from arch 6

intrinsic laryngeal muscles (CN x, reccurent laryngeal branch)

intrinsic laryngeal muscles (CN x, reccurent laryngeal branch) are derived from what arch

arch 6

somatic muscles of the head and neck are derived from what

cranial somites (and mesodermal layer)

add slides about internal brainstem organization (cross section)

true or false: there is vertical organization of the brainstem

true

brainstem nuclei for the same modality are in the same what

same vertical (rostral caudal) column

do cranial n carry multiple modalities

true because they can be associated with more than 1 mnucleisu

true or false: there is typically 2 nucleus per modality

false, 1

how many cranial n

what are the 12 cranial n

olfactory (I) optic (II) oculomotor (III) trochlear (IV) trigeminal (V) abducents (VI) facial (VII) vestibulocochlear (VIII) glossopharyngeal (IX) vagus (X) spinal accessory (XI) hypoglossal (XII)

what is cranial n 1

olfactory

what is cranial n 2

optic

what is cranial n 3

oculomotor

what is cranial n 4

trochlear

what is cranial n 5

trigeminal

what is cranial n 6

abducents

what is cranial n 7

facial

what is cranial n 8

vestibulocochlear

what is cranial n 9

glossopharageal

what is cranial n 10

vagus

what is cranial n 11

spinal accessory

what is cranial n 12

hypoglossal

which cranial n are only sensory

olfactory optic vestibulocochlear

olfactory optic vestibulocochlear are sensory, motor or both

sensory

what cranial n are motor only

trochlear occulomotor abducens spinal accessory hypoglossal

trochlear occulomotor abducens spinal accessory hypoglossal are motor or sensory

mtoro

what cranial n are mxied

trigeminal glossapharangeal facial vagus

trigeminal glossapharangeal facial vagus is sensory, motor or mixed

mixed

what is the cranial n that is not only the brainstem

trochlear (dorsal aspect of midbrain)

what passes thru cribriform plate

olfactory n (1)

what passes thru optic canal

optic n (2)

what passes thru superior orbital fissure

oculomotor (3) trochlear (4) ophthalmic (branch of trigem) (51) abducens (6)

what passes thru foramen rotunda

maxillary n (5V2)

what passes thru foramen oval

mandibular (5v3)

what passes thru internal acoustic meatus

facial n (7) vestibulocochlear (8)

what passes thru the jugular foramen

glossopharyngeal (9) vagus n (10) accessory (cranial nerve 11)

what passes thru hypoglossal canal

hypoglossal n (12)

what are the three general divisions of the brainstem

midbrain medulla pons

what are the important structures in the midbrain

cerebral peduncles substantia nigra and subthalamic nuclues red nucleus inferior colliuclus superior colliculs cranial n nuclei

what is the general function of cerebral peduncles in midbrain

contacts motor fibers )pyramidal tracs)

what is the general function of substantia nigra and subthalamic n in midbrain

important structures for basal nuclei (motor function)

what is the general function of red nucleus in midbrain

rubrospinal tract

what is the general function of superior colliculi in midbrain

visual relay center

what is the general function of inferior collicus in midbrain

auditory relax center

what are the cranial n nuclei in the midbrain

CN III, IV (1 and 2 not associated with brainstem)

what are the important structures in the pons

deep pontine nuclei (connections between cerebellum and cerebrum) transverse pontocerebellar fibers cranial n nuclei (V, VI, VII, VIII)

what are the cranial n nuclei in the pons

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

what are the important structures in the medulla

pyramids (descending motor fibers (pryamidal tract) nucleus cuneatus and gracilis (DCML pathway) CN nuclei (IX, X, XII)

true or false and explain: CN nuclei in the medulla are IX, X, XI, XII

false only IX, X, XII XI is associated with superior cervical region

what are the three longitudinal divisions of the pons

basis (ventral) tegmentum tectum

what forms the roof of the ventricular system

tectum

the ventricular system is between what divisions of the brainstem

tectum and tegmenjtum

motor information/pwathways is mostly in what division of the brainstorm

bASIS

sensory information/pwathways is mostly in what division of the brainstorm

edge of tegmenjtum and basis

the superior and inferior colliculi are part of what division of the midbrain (either basis, tegmemetum or tectum

tectum

are the pyramids in the basis, tegmenjtum or tectum

basis

are the cerebral peduncles in the basis, tegmenjtum or tectum

basis

is the the pons in the basis, tegmenjtum or tectum

basis

what closes off the 4th venticule

superior and inferior medulla vela

the superior and inferior medullary vela are part of what division of the brainstem

tectum

in the neural tube and spinal cord, what are the two divisions of sensory and motor information

somatic and visceral

in the spinal cord, somatic sensory is located where

in the dorsal horns

in the spinal cord, somatic visceral is located where

closer to midline (lateral horns)

in the spinal cord, visceral motor is located where

closer to the midline (lateral horns)

in the spinal cord, somatic motor is located where

anterior horns

in the brainstem organization, what is the additional sensory nuclei gained

special sensory

in the brainstem organization, what is the additional motor nuclei gained

branchial motor

is the branchial motor nuclei located in the basal plate or the alar plate

basal

is the special sensory nuclei located in the basal plate or the alar plate

alar

is the sensory information in the brainstem located more lateral or medial more dorsal or ventral

dorsal and lateral

is the motor information in the brainstem located more lateral or medial more dorsal or ventral

medial and ventral