lecture 17 Flashcards
brain and RBC prefer __
glucose
heart and liver prefer ___
fatty acids
heart will use ___ first and then ___
fatty acids
ketone bodies
brain will use ___ first and then ___
glucose
ketone bodies
liver will use ___ first and then ___
fatty acids
glucose
muscle will use ___ and then ___
glucose from glycogen
glycolysis and oxidative metabolism
kidney will use ___ in the medulla, but will use ___ in the cortex
glucose
fatty acids, ketone bodies and glucose
TCA cycle needs ___
O2
glycolysis happens when there is ___ O2
no
transcriptional control of carb metabolism ___
FOX01 += low insulin= needs glucose= glycogen breakdown or gluconeogenesis
-FOX01 = high insulin= too much glucose
FOX01 gets broken down/ glucose not made
steps of pentose phosphate pathway
glucose 6 phosphate–> ribose 5 phosphate, NADPH
ribose5phosphate can be used to make DNA
NADPH is used for FA, cholesterol and steroid synthesis
glucose 6 phosphate
-(glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) (+NADPH)
6 Phosphogluconate
-6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (+NADPH)
ribulose 5 phosphate
ribose 5 phosphate
nucleotides, DNA and RNA
***ribulose5phosphate(transketolase)(goes backwards) to glucose6phosphate
___ activates F26BP which activates ___ and inhibits ___.
insulin
PFK1 which stimulates glycolysis
FBPase-1 which inhibits gluconeogenesis
insulin activates
GLUT4 (bring glucose into cell) hexokinase (breakdown glucose) glycogen synthase (store glucose)
type 1 diabetes
doesn’t produce insulin because pancreas damaged
treatment give insulin
type 2 diabetes
insulin resistance
make some insulin but cells do not recognize it and blood glucose can not be brought into cell.
Treatment: drugs (metformin) and exercise
gestational diabetes
estrogen messes with insulin.
more like type 2 DM, more like insulin resistance
usually goes away
diabetic ketoacidosis
body cant bring glucose into cell
- liver tries to help and produces ketones
- build up of ketones can become fatal
- extra glucose, dehydration, and acid buildup
equine metabolic syndrome
type 2 DM in horses
causes laminitis
how does metformin work
type 2 DM treatment
prevents liver from doing glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis (prevents buildup of glucose and ketones)
pet scans work because cancer cells take up ___ glucose then other cells.
more
if you block a cancer cell from bringing up ___ the cancer cell will ___
glucose
die
even in the presence of oxygen, cancer cells will prefer to do ___. this is called ____.
glycolysis
warburg effect
Cancer does glycolysis because their ___ are defected and cancer cells can not go through ___
mitochondria
TCA cycle
pyruvate (___) to lactate
LDH
lactate dehydrogenase
