lecture 3

Question 1

secondary structure of protein

Answer 1

folding/shaping of a local section of polypeptide

a-helix or beta sheet, beta turn. triple helix, coiled coil

Question 2

alpha helix

Answer 2

hydrogen bonding
helix
R groups on outside of helix
hydrophobic and hydrophilic part
membrane proteins

Alanine- helix forming
Proline- helix breaking

Question 3

keratin is made from

Answer 3

a helix coiled onto them selves

Question 4

amino acids that likes B sheet

Answer 4

glycine and alanine

Question 5

example of protein that is mostly beta sheet

Answer 5

silk- antiparallel - no stretch

Question 6

example of protein with B barrel

Answer 6

Green fluorescent protein

Question 7

when full polypeptide folds onto itself

Answer 7

tertiary structure

Question 8

___ are complexes that help proteins fold correctly, prevent misfolding, uses ATP

Answer 8

chaperones

Question 9

when multiple polypeptides and subunits combines into final form

Answer 9

quaternary structure

Question 10

antibodies have two parts and form what

Answer 10

constant and variable part

s-s bridges

Question 11

explain antibody production

Answer 11

1. macrophage eats bacteria, proteins(antigenes) from the bacteria are broken into short peptide chains and displayed on surface
2. T cells “see” the peptide on the macrophage and stimulates the B cell to turn on antibody
   production
3. B cells multiply and secrete antibody into plasma. binds to bacteria and flags them to be killed

Question 12

biological catalysts

Answer 12

enzymes

Question 13

catalysts ___ reactions

Answer 13

accelerate

Question 14

exergonic reaction

Answer 14

-(triangle) G

happens spontaneously

Question 15

endergonic reaction

Answer 15

+(triangle) G

needs help to start reaction

Question 16

point of highest energy on the reaction pathway

Answer 16

transition state

Question 17

how do enzymes work

Answer 17

reduce energy needed to make reaction go, make reaction easier,

DECREASE activation energy of reaction

Question 18

enzyme that synthesize molecules in anabolic reactions by condensing two molecules together

Answer 18

synthase

Question 19

enzyme that catalyze (cause) the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule

Answer 19

kinase

Question 20

what is a phosphate group

Answer 20

P attached to 4 O

Question 21

reduction

Answer 21

add electron to a molecule, make negative

LEO says GER (gain electron reduction)

Question 22

oxidase

Answer 22

atom loses an electron, becomes +

LEO (lose electron oxidize)

Question 23

enzymes can

Answer 23

accelerate reactions
ensure specificity
can couple unfavorable to favorable reactions
allow regulatory control

Question 24

some functions of proteins

Answer 24

membrane proteins
keratin
silk
antibodies

Question 25

what kind of amino acid is a-helix forming

Answer 25

Alanine

Question 26

what kind of amino acid is a- helix breaking

Answer 26

Proline

Question 27

qualities of a- helix

Answer 27

coiled
flexible
elastic