Flashcards in Lecture 23 - Fundamentals of Nutrition Deck (60):
1
Carbohydrates should comprise _____ of the daily values of the diet.
A. 60%
B. 35%
C. 10%
D. 50%
A. 60%
2
Which of the following macromolecules is used in production of nitrogen containing molecules, hormones, and TCA intermediates?
A. Fats
B. Sugars
C. Proteins
D. Amino acids
D. Amino Acids
3
Lipids should comprise _____ of the daily values of the diet.
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 10%
D. 50%
B. 30%
4
What compound is important in the production of energy through metabolism and formation of other important biomolecules.
A. Fats
B. Carbs
C. Proteins
D. AAs
D. Amino acids
5
Proteins should comprise _____ of the daily values of the diet.
A. 25%
B. 30%
C. 50%
D. 10%
D. 10%
6
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are important as ____ molecules.
A. Storage
B. Energy
C. Signaling
D. Protein modifying
B. Energy
7
Proteins should comprise _____ of the daily values of the diet.
A. 25%
B. 30%
C. 50%
D. 10%
D. 10%
8
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are important as ____ molecules.
A. Storage
B. Energy
C. Signaling
D. Protein modifying
B. Energy
9
Ingested lipids are in the ___ form.
A. Triacylglycerol
B. Cholesterol
C. Free fatty acid
D. Phospholipid
A. Triacylglycerol
10
Lingual lipase digests ____ in the _____.
A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
B. Short and medium chain Fas; stomach
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
D. Phospholipids; small intestine
A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
11
Gastric lipase digests _____ in the _____.
A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
B. Short and medium chain Fas; stomach
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
D. Phospholipids; small intestine
B. Short and medium chain Fas; stomach
12
Pancreatic lipase digests _____ in the _____.
A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
B. Short and medium chain Fas; stomach
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
D. Phospholipids; small intestine
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
13
Pancreatic lipase digests _____ in the _____.
A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
B. Short and medium chain Fas; stomach
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
D. Phospholipids; small intestine
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
14
Phospholipase digests ____ in the _____.
A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
B. Short and medium chain Fas; stomach
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
D. Phoshpolipids; small intestine
D. Phoshpolipids; small intestine
15
Cholesterol esterase digests ____ in the _____.
A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
B. Cholesterol; small intestine
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
D. Phospholipids; small intestine
B. Cholesterol; small intestine
16
A patient presents with a complaint of severe nausea after a meal. Through lab work, the patient is found to have a mutation to to gastric lipase. What type of meal might increase the patient’s discomfort?
A. A meal high in fatty acids
B. A meal high in protein
C. A meal high in carbohydrates
D. A meal that is comprised of cholesterol
A. A meal high in fatty acids
17
n. What 4 vitamins are derived from fatty acids?
A. B vitamins, Vit. D, Vit. K, Vit. E
B. Vit. D, Vit. E, Vit. A, Vit. K
B. Vitamins D,E,A, & K
18
Vitamin B₂ (thiamine) is part of ______, a co-factor.
A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide
B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D. Ascorbate
B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
19
Vitamin B₃ (niacin) is part of _____, a co-factor.
A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide
B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D. Ascorbate
B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
20
Vitamin C is part of ____, a co-factor.
A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide
B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D. Ascorbate
D. Ascorbate
21
Vitamin B₁ is part of ____, a co-factor.
A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide
B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C. Thiamine pyrophosphate
D. Ascorbate
C. Thiamine pyrophosphate
22
Vitamin B₅ (pantothenic acid) is part of _____, a cofactor.
A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide
B. Coenzyme A
C. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D. Ascorbate
B. Coenzyme A
23
Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine) is part of _____, a co-factor.
A. Pyridoxal phosphate
B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D. Ascorbate
A. Pyridoxal phosphate
24
Vitamin B₁₂ (cobalamin) is part of _____, a co-factor.
A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide
B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D. Adenosyl cobalamin methylcobalamin
D. Adenosyl cobalamin methylcobalamin
25
Biotin is part of _____.
A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide
B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D. Biotin
D. Biotin
26
Folate is part of ____.
A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide
B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D. Tetrahydrofolate
D. Tetrahydrofolate
27
Lack of vitamin C produces _____.
A. Scurvy
B. Beriberi
C. Pelligra
D. Megaloblastic anemia
A. Scurvy
28
Lack of Vit. B₁ (thiamin) produces _____.
A. Beriberi
B. Ariboflavinosis
C. Night blindness
D. Liver damage
A. Beriberi
29
Lack of riboflavin produces
A. Airobflavinosis
B. Night blindness
C. Beriberi
D. Anemia
A. Airobflavinosis
30
Niacin (Vit. B₃) deficiency produces _____.
A. Pellagra
B. Anemia
C. Night blindness
D. Scurvy
A. Pellagra
31
Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine) deficiency produces ______.
A. Scurvy
B. Liver damage
C. Pellagra
D. Anemia
D. Anemia
32
Folate deficiency produces _____.
A. Megaolblastic anemia
B. night blindness
C. Rickets
D. Liver damage
A. Megaolblastic anemia
33
Vit. B₁₂ deficiency produces _____.
A. Megaloblastic anemia
B. Night blindness
C. Rickets
D. Liver damage
C. Rickets
34
Lack of biotin produces _____.
A. Conjunctivitis/CNS abnormalities
B. night blindness
C. malaise
D. liver damage
A. Conjunctivitis/CNS abnormalities
35
Two pathways will convert inactive compounds to activated cholecalciferol (D3). They are UV radiation in the skin and _____.
A. Liver enzymes
B. Enzymes in the intestine
C. Enzymes in the blood
D. Enzymes in the skin
B. Enzymes in the intestine
36
25-hydroxycholecalciferol becomes activated 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the ____.
A. Skin
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Intestine
C. Kidney
37
What is the "proper name" for calcitriol (Vitamin D3)?
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
38
This enzyme is responsible for managing blood calcium and phosphate concentrations.
A. Calcitriol
B. Calmodulin
C. Calsequestrin
D. Cholecalciferol
A. Calcitriol
39
This enzyme is responsible for the activation of vitamin K
A. gamma-hydroxylase
B. Vitamin K reductase
C. Vitamin K oxidase
D. Vitamin K Co-factor reductase
B. Vitamin K. reductase
40
Vitamin K acts as a cofactor to this enzyme to promote maturation of clotting cascade proteins.
A. Vitamin K Co-factor reductase
B. Vitamin K reductase
C. Vitamin K oxidase
D. gamma-hydroxylase
D. gamma-hydroxylase
41
These are organic compounds ingested in the diet.
Minerals
42
Minerals with a charge
electrolytes
43
Reduced glutathione reductase activity is noted in a patient. This patient has large amounts of free radicals in her blood. What co-factor is missing?
A. Copper
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Selenium
D. Selenium
44
ATP degredation occurs with this molecule acting to stabilize ATP; it also helps convert ATP to cAMP; additionally, it assists kinases in their activity
A. Magnesium
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Zinc
A. Magnesium
45
Found in many enzymes that are required to bind high energy electrons, transport oxygen, and metabolize H2O2.
A. Magnesium
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Zinc
B. Iron
46
This co-factor is important in the activity of antioxidant, collagenases, phosphatases, and transcription factors. Also assists in the conversion of CO2 to HCO3 in blood pH management.
A. Magnesium
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Zinc
D. Zinc
47
Assists in transport high energy electrons and oxidation of iron; also works with enzymes that reduce free radicals, cross-links collagen, and melanin synthesis
A. Magnesium
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Zinc
C. Copper
48
Small organic molecules derived from vitamins that function as co-factors to enzymes
A. Prosthetic group
B. Co-enzyme
C. Co-factor enabler
D. Vitamin derivatives
B. Co-enzyme
49
Tightly bound co-enzymes
prosthetic group
50
Iron exists in the ___ oxidation state in the intestinal lumen.
A. Fe3+
B. Fe2+
C. Fe1+
D. Fe4+
A. Fe3+
51
A patient has overdosed on antacids, which act as an inhibitor of ferric reductase. What oxidation state would you expect Iron to be found in as a result?
A. Fe1+
B. Fe3+
C. Fe2+
D. Fe4+
B. Fe3+
52
Iron is transported through pores of the intestinal lumen following reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ by what enzyme?
A. Ferroportinase
B. Transferrin
C. Ferric reductase
D. None of the above
C. Ferric reductase
53
3 essential FAs
Linolenate (omega-6 C18)
Linolate (omega-3 C18)
Arachadonate (omega-6 C20)
54
18:3 essential fatty acid
A. Linoleic
B. Linolenic
C. Arachidonic
B. Linolenic
55
18:2 essential fatty acid
A. Linoleic
B. Linolenic
C. Arachidonic
A. Linoleic
56
20:4 essential fatty acid
A. Linoleic
B. Linolenic
C. Arachidonic
C. Arachidonic
57
The cholesterol precursor to Vit. D3 is found in the _____.
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Skin
D. Intestines
C. Skin
58
The D2 precursor to Vitamin D3 is found in the _____.
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Skin
D. Intestines
D. Intestines
59
This shuttles reduced Iron from the intestinal lumen to the blood.
A. Ferric reductase
B. Transferrin
C. Ferroportin
C. Ferroportin
60