Lecture 20 - Nucleotide Structure Flashcards

(38 cards)

1
Q

The “acid” portion of DNA or RNA arise from _____.

A

the phosphate/phosphoric acid

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2
Q

Nucleic acids are nucleotides attached to a _____.

A

sugar-phosphate backbone

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3
Q

Describe the sugar-phosphate backbone

A

the 5’ phosphate group of one nucleotide is attached to the 3’ -OH of another nucleotide

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4
Q

The sugar backbone is comprised of ______ bonds.

A

phosphodiester

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5
Q

Describe the hydrogen bonding in base pairing of nucleotides

A

A2T; G3C

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6
Q

The fully folded chromosome is found in what stage of mitosis?

A

the M-phase (chromosome segregation)

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7
Q

Uncoiled DNA is found in what phase of mitosis?

A

The I-phase (interphase)

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8
Q

Histone proteins + nuclear DNA is called _____.

A

chromatin

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9
Q

What differentiates ribose from deoxyribose sugars?

A

Ribose has a C2 and C3 -OH group; Deooxyribose has only a C3 -OH group

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10
Q

Bases + sugar = ______

A

nucleoside

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11
Q

base + sugar + phosphate = _________

A

nucleotides

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12
Q

Pyrimidines are the (large/small) ring stucture of nitrogenous bases.

A

small (Memory aid: big name, small ring)

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13
Q

Memory aid for purine and pyrimidine:

A

Pure As Gold: Purine - adenine, guanine

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14
Q

Reduces ribose sugars to deoxyribose sugars.

A

ribonucleotide reductase (removes C2 -OH group)

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15
Q

Why is production of nucleotides a highly energy favorable process?

A

Most nucleotides exist as a triphosphate. Cleavage of 2 Pi release energy and forms a nucleotide

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16
Q

Name and f(x)?

A
  • Coenzyme-A
  • synthesis and beta-oxidation of fatty acids - pyruvate oxidation
17
Q

Name and F(x)?

A
  • NAD
  • acts as an electron carrier in redox reactions to form NADH
18
Q

Name and F(x)?

A
  • FAD
  • Participates in redox reactions ot accept 2e to form FADH2
19
Q

DNA/RNA is synthesized in the ______ direction.

20
Q

Carbon 1 of sugar contains _____.

21
Q

Carbon 2 of sugar contains ______.

A

either -H or -OH (deoxy vs ribose sugar)

22
Q

Carbon 3 of sugar contains _____.

A

-OH group; forms phosphodiester bond with C5

23
Q

Carbon 5 of sugar contains ______.

A

Phosphate group (binds with C3 -OH to form phosphodiester bond)

24
Q

One turn of DNA is approximately ____ in length.

25
How may base pairs per turn?
10 (~ every 3.4 angstroms)
26
What increased nucleotide ratio increases denaturation temperature? Why?
Increased G:C. Because G:C has 3 H-bonds, compared to the 2 H-bonds of A:T
27
Coded for by viral genome. Assists in virus replication by making DNA from RNA
reverse transcriptase
28
Enzyme that cleaves nucleic acid into oligomers (insert picture)
ribonuclease/deoxyribonuclease
29
Cleaves phosphdiester backbone (insert picture)
phosphdiesterase
30
Cleaves phosphate from nucleotide
nucleotidase (cleaves nucleotide to Pi and nucleoside
31
Cleaves base from nucleoside
Nucleosidase
32
Phosphodiesterase produces what oligomer?
nucleotide monophosphate (NMPs) or deoxynucleoside monophosphates (dNMPs)
33
Phosphoric acid, ribose sugar, and base is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_.
nucleotide
34
What same atom sources are shared between pyrimidines and purines?
Amino acids
35
How do pyrimidine and purine carbon sources differ?
Pyrimidine: HCO3 Purine: CO2 (Longer N-base = "longer" carbon source)
36
How do pyrimidine and purine THF sources differ?
Purine: formyl THF Pyrimidine: methylene THF Longer N-base = longer THF form
37
Sugars are attached to nitrogenous bases by what type of linkage? a) alpha-glycosidic linkage b) beta-glycosidic linkage c) delta-glycosidic linkage
b) beta-glycosidic linkage
38