Lecture 20 - Nucleotide Structure Flashcards
(38 cards)
The “acid” portion of DNA or RNA arise from _____.
the phosphate/phosphoric acid
Nucleic acids are nucleotides attached to a _____.
sugar-phosphate backbone
Describe the sugar-phosphate backbone
the 5’ phosphate group of one nucleotide is attached to the 3’ -OH of another nucleotide
The sugar backbone is comprised of ______ bonds.
phosphodiester
Describe the hydrogen bonding in base pairing of nucleotides
A2T; G3C
The fully folded chromosome is found in what stage of mitosis?
the M-phase (chromosome segregation)
Uncoiled DNA is found in what phase of mitosis?
The I-phase (interphase)
Histone proteins + nuclear DNA is called _____.
chromatin
What differentiates ribose from deoxyribose sugars?
Ribose has a C2 and C3 -OH group; Deooxyribose has only a C3 -OH group
Bases + sugar = ______
nucleoside
base + sugar + phosphate = _________
nucleotides
Pyrimidines are the (large/small) ring stucture of nitrogenous bases.
small (Memory aid: big name, small ring)
Memory aid for purine and pyrimidine:
Pure As Gold: Purine - adenine, guanine
Reduces ribose sugars to deoxyribose sugars.
ribonucleotide reductase (removes C2 -OH group)
Why is production of nucleotides a highly energy favorable process?
Most nucleotides exist as a triphosphate. Cleavage of 2 Pi release energy and forms a nucleotide
Name and f(x)?

- Coenzyme-A
- synthesis and beta-oxidation of fatty acids - pyruvate oxidation
Name and F(x)?

- NAD
- acts as an electron carrier in redox reactions to form NADH
Name and F(x)?

- FAD
- Participates in redox reactions ot accept 2e to form FADH2
DNA/RNA is synthesized in the ______ direction.
5’-3’
Carbon 1 of sugar contains _____.
N-base
Carbon 2 of sugar contains ______.
either -H or -OH (deoxy vs ribose sugar)
Carbon 3 of sugar contains _____.
-OH group; forms phosphodiester bond with C5
Carbon 5 of sugar contains ______.
Phosphate group (binds with C3 -OH to form phosphodiester bond)
One turn of DNA is approximately ____ in length.
34 angstroms