Lecture 36 - Integration of Metabolism Flashcards
(53 cards)
Which of the following is not a metabolic intermediate that links multiple pathways?
A. Glucose
B. Glucose-6-Phosphate
C. Pyruvate
D. Acetyl-CoA
A. Glucose
Which of the following is NOT an end product of glucose-6-phosphate metabolism?
A. Glycogen
B. Pyruvate
C. Alanine
D. Fatty acids
C. alanine
Which of the following is not a fate of Acetyl-CoA?
A. CO2
B. fatty acids
C. oxaloacetate
D. ketone bodies
C. oxaloacetate
This carries nutrients from the intestine to the liver.
A. hepatic portal vein
B. skeletal muscle
C. adipose tissue
D. liver
A. hepatic portal vein
This processes many metabolites, stores glucose, and produces urea. A. hepatic portal vein B. skeletal muscle C. adipose tissue D. liver
D. liver
This uses ATP for mechanical work
A. hepatic portal vein
B. skeletal muscle
C. adipose tissue
D. liver
B. skeletal muscle
This synthesizes, stores, and mobilizes triacylglycerols.
A. hepatic portal vein
B. skeletal muscle
C. adipose tissue
D. liver
C. adipose tissue
This metabolic player is the “sensor” of our diet. It metabolizes nutrients, maintains nutrient levels in blood, processes waste, and synthesizes/secretes plasma proteins.
A. hepatic portal vein
B. skeletal muscle
C. adipose tissue
D. liver
D. liver
The liver primary relies on ___ for its own energy needs.
A. Glycogen
B. Beta-oxidation of fatty acids
C. glucose
D. ketone bodies
B. beta-oxidation of fatty acids
Which of the following is false about metabolism of the liver?
A. it processes most, but not all, dietary amino acids
B. the presence of G-6-Pase makes the liver uniquely able to release glucose from glycogen.
C. It synthesizes most of the urea produced in the body
D. It normally fuels the body by releasing its fat stores during fasting
E. One of its major jobs is to provide fuels for the brain
D. It normally fuels the body by releasing its fat stores during fasting
Adipocytes release triglycerides in response to _____.
A. glucagon/epinephrine
B. low blood sugar
C. insulin
A. glucagon/epinephrine
Fatty acids are transported via _____ in blood.
albumin
ATP is used for _____ needs.
A. immediate
B. short-term
C. long-term
A. immediate
In short bursts of heavy activity, ATP is exhausted in ______.
A. 10 seconds
B. 1-2 minutes
C. over 30 minutes
D. 1-2 seconds
D. 1-2 secodns
_____ is used to reconstitute ATP in anaerobic conditions.
Phosphocreatine
Glycogen is cleaved and metabolized to ____ in anaerobic conditions.
A. pyruvate
B. alanine
C. lactate
C. lactate
This major organ is capable of using lactate as a fuel.
heart
The Cori-cycle utilizes the ___ to regenerate glucose from lactate for active muscle.
liver
Though comprising only 2% of body mass, the brain utilizes what percentage of total body oxygen and glucose?
20%
What system would be used by muscle for heavy, short term exercise, such as a long jump?
Anaerobic exercise, producing lactate
Though the heart can utilize lactate for fuel, the heart’s primary source of energy is _____.
A. the beta-oxidation of fatty acids
B. pyruvate
C. ATP from the Kreb’s cycle
D. Glycogen stores
A. the beta-oxidation of fatty acids
With increased blood glucose levels secondary to diabetes, there are many changes to various metabolic pathways. Outline the following in response to increased BGL:
1) The response of cells
2) Glycogen metabolism
3) Glycolysis
4) Fatty acid synthesis
1) More uptake of glucose into the cells
2) Decreased glycogenolysis; increased glycogen synthesis
3) Increased glycolysis/pyruvate production
4) Increased FA synthesis
In high blood glucose levels, insulin triggers a secondary messenger system to increase glucose utilization and synthesize glycogen. What type of receptor is the insulin receptor?
Tyrosine-kinase receptor
Epinephrine can be released in response to multiple sensory inputs. This includes fright, exercise induced hypoglycemia, etc. What type of receptor is the insulin receptor?
G-protein coupled receptor
