Lecture 36: Cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and the stress response Flashcards Preview

HUBS 191💃✨ > Lecture 36: Cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and the stress response > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lecture 36: Cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and the stress response Deck (19)
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1
Q

Cortisol is released from the…

A
  • Adrenal glands
2
Q

The cortex secretes it’s own hormones, and the inner medulla also secretes it’s own hormones. What are the cortex and medulla?

A
  • Outer region

- Inner region of adrenal cortex

3
Q

The adrenal cortex has __ layers and secretes ____ hormones. The middle layer secretes ___.

A
  • 3
  • Steroid hormones
  • Cortisol
4
Q

In the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex ________ are being secreted, the middle layer: ______, the innermost layer ______. All are synthesised by ____ in the outermost layer.

A
  • Mineralocorticoids
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Sex steroids
  • Cholesterol
5
Q

Cortisol mechanism of action:

A
  • Cortisol bound to carrier protein
  • Leaves carrier, enters target cell
  • Binds receptor in cytoplasm
  • Hormone-receptor complex migrates to nucleus
  • Binds to DNA
  • Transcription of specific genes is activated
  • New proteins made
  • Protein alters cellular processes in target cells
  • (Minutes to days to develop)
6
Q

Cortisol acts on the ____, _____ cells and _____cells

A
  • Liver
  • Muscle
  • Fat
7
Q

Abnormal stress stimulates the _______ which stimulates the _____ so that cortisol is secreted from the _____.

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • APG
  • Adrenal Cortex
8
Q

Cortisol levels rise with the decrease of ______.

A
  • Glucose
9
Q

Cortisol is mainly controlled by…

A
  • Negative feedback
10
Q

Other effects of corisol:

A
  • Helps one to cope with stress
  • Essential for maintaining normal blood pressure (can cause contraction of blood vessels)
  • Long term; suppresses immune system
11
Q

Low cortisol can cause

A
  • Brain fog
  • Low thyroid function
  • Blood sugar imbalances
  • Sleep disruption
  • Low blood pressure
  • Lowered immune function
  • Fatigue
  • Inflammation
12
Q

What is Addison’s Disease?

A
  • Not enough cortisol
  • Pigmentation of the skin
  • increased ACTH levels
13
Q

What’re the inner medulla hormones?

A
  • Epinephrine, norepinephrine
  • These are catecholamines
  • Water soluble
14
Q

The adrenal medulla is part of the ______ nervous system.

A
  • Sympathetic
15
Q

The adrenal medulla is activated during times of abnormal stress and release…

A
  • Epinephrine + norepinephrine in the blood stream

- “Fight of flight” response

16
Q

The adrenal medulla pathway can complement the ______ system and also sustain the response.

A
  • Sympathetic Nervous
17
Q

Epinephrine effects:

A
  • Increased breakdown of glycogen and glucose
  • Increased breakdown of fat to fatty acids
  • Makes fuel more readily available to cells
18
Q

Neural pathways:

A
  • Acute stress
  • Neural pathways
  • Sympathetic preganglionic fibres
  • Epinephrine
19
Q

Adrenal medulla is ___ whereas the adrenal cortex is ___. The medulla secretes ____ whereas the cortex secretes ____.

A
  • Quick
  • Slow
  • Epinephrine
  • Cortisol

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