liver disease

Question 1

what causes acute injury to the liver

Answer 1

• virus,toxins
• if damage is big= bleeding, coma,death

Question 2

what causes chronic injury to the liver

Answer 2

• virus, alcohol and high intake of fat can damage liver over time
• lead to scarring
• too much scarring= cirrhosis

Question 3

what 2 types of cell types are involved in the progression fo liver inflammation to fibrosis

Answer 3

1. stellate cells= gets rid of colagen in the space of Disse( gap between liver cells and blood vessels)
2. Kupffer cells= macrophages in liver that remove bacteria and debris (dead cells)

Question 4

what is hepatocellular damage and what does it lead to?

Answer 4

• damage to liver cells
• leads to hepatocyte necrosis (cell death)

Question 5

What happens when an entire lobule undergoes necrosis?

Answer 5

• collapses
• loss of liver architecture and function

Question 6

define cirrhosis

Answer 6

a chronic liver disease where liver structure is ruined by:
alcohol or hepatitis

Question 7

progression of liver damage:

Answer 7

1. collagen repair breaks liver structure: trying to fix it will lead in excess collagen which can ruin normal cells
2. excess collagen can ruin blood flow to liver,losing its function
3. liver tries to form small nodules
4. but original liver cant be fixed due to the ongoing fibrosis and damage

Question 8

2 main causes of cirrhosis

Answer 8

1. alcohol= liver gets damaged
2. end stage of hepatitis B/C= if left untreated can lead to liver inflammation and structure damage= liver failure

Question 9

deifne Steatosis (step1)

Answer 9

• first stage of liver damage
• where fat builds up in liver cells
• liver damage is reversible

Question 10

define Steatohepatitis (step2)

Answer 10

if alcohol continues, inflammation gets stronger due to the fat

Question 11

define Nodular cirrhosis (step 3)

Answer 11

fibrosis if all continues

• small bumps on liver due to attempts to fix and fibrotic tissue

Question 12

what is Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Answer 12

follows same sequence as alcholic liver disease but in this case its to do with obesity
- starts of with fat accumulation not reversible

Question 13

define Haemochromatosis and what hormone is used to regulate it

Answer 13

too much iron absorption and accumulation in body
- Hepcidin is normally used but in this conditon its useless so iron is excessive in body
- need hepcidin or else body cant limit the intake of iron

Question 14

what is Hepatitis A

Answer 14

virus that spreads in contaminated food/water
- after recovery, you develop immunity to the virus and have igG

Question 15

what is Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Answer 15

viral infection
long term