Lymphatics and Full body treatment

Question 1

What are the three components of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

• Lymph
• Channels
• Organized lymph tissue

Question 2

How soon will a human die if the lymph system stops functioning?

Answer 2

24 hours

Question 3

What is lymph?

Answer 3

Clear, coagulable fluid that passes from the intercellular space into lymphatic vessels

Question 4

What does lymph resemble?

Answer 4

Blood plasma

Question 5

What are the cells that comprise lymph?

Answer 5

Lymphocytes

WBCs

Question 6

What are the functions of lymph (4)?

Answer 6

• remove bacteria and proteins
• Transport fat
• Supply lymphocytes
• Bathe and nourish the tissues

Question 7

What is the most organized lymph tissue?

Answer 7

Lymph nodes

Question 8

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 8

Organized lymphatic tissues dispersed along the course of the lymph vessels

Question 9

How many deep lymph nodes are there?

Answer 9

400-450

Question 10

What are the two major functions of the lymph node?

Answer 10

• Filter lymph via macrophages

- Activates the immune system if microorganisms are detected

Question 11

Where isn’t the lymphatic system present? (4)

Answer 11

• Brain/spinal cord
• Epidermis
• Endomysium
• Bones, teeth, bone marrow

Question 12

What type of lymph tissue is found in the bone marrow, epidermis, brain/spinal cord, and endomysium?

Answer 12

Pre-lymphatics, which eventually empty into lymphatic vessels

Question 13

What are the three main cellular structural components of the lymph system?

Answer 13

• Endothelial cells
• Valves
• Anchoring filaments

Question 14

What are the three main organizations of the lymphatic system?

Answer 14

• Superficial system
• Deep system
• Organ-specific system

Question 15

What connects the superficial and deep lymphatic systems? What is the function of these?

Answer 15

• Perforator vessels

- Conveys lymph toward the surface

Question 16

What are the 4 functions of the lymphatics?

Answer 16

• Nutrition
• maintaining fluid balance
• purification and cleansing of tissues
• Defense

Question 17

How many liters of fluid leak out of the capillaries daily? What percent of this drains back into capillaries? Where does the rest go?

Answer 17

• 30 L
• 90% drains back into the capillaries
• 10% drains into lymph

Question 18

What percent of plasma proteins are carried back to the vascular system via lymph?

Answer 18

50%

Question 19

What is the primary means of return of proteins after their efflux from the arterial capillaries?

Answer 19

Lymphatics

Question 20

What are the four regions of the lymphatic system, based on the vessel walls?

Answer 20

• Lymphatic capillaries
• Precollectors
• Collectors
• Lymphatic trunks

Question 21

What does the cisterna Chyli drain?

Answer 21

Abdomen, pelvis and lower limbs

Question 22

Where is the cisterna chyli located?

Answer 22

Anterior right side of the L1-L2 vertebral bodies, but behind the right crus

Question 23

What is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body?

Answer 23

Left lymphatic duct.

Question 24

Where does the LLD drain?

Answer 24

Left jugulo-subclavian junction

Question 25

What are the Peyer's patches?

Answer 25

Clusters of the lymphoid system in the walls of the small intestines

Question 26

Where are Peyer's patches most densely located?

Answer 26

Small intestinal villi

Question 27

True or false: the greater the lymphatic flow, the greater the immunity?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the effect of increased interstitial fluid pressure on the lymphatics?

Answer 28

Also increased interstitial fluid

Question 29

What happens to the anchoring filaments when excess fluid enters the tissues?

Answer 29

They pull on the wall of the lymph capillaries

Question 30

What happens to the lymphatic structures when tissues are compressed?

Answer 30

Pressure inside the capillary increases and the overlapping edges of the endothelial cells close like valve

Question 31

Where does lymph fluid collect?

Answer 31

Into the collecting lymphatics

Question 32

True or false: there is an intrinsic pumping mechanism of the large lymphatic vessels

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What happens when a collecting lymphatic duct becomes distended?

Answer 33

Smooth muscles in the wall contract

Question 34

True or false: valves exist in all lymphatic channels

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is the overall effect of lymphatic vessel contraction?

Answer 35

Moves lymph toward terminal drainage sites

Question 36

What are the four diaphragms that alter lymph flow?

Answer 36

- Falx cerebri/tentorium - Sibson's fascia - Thoracoabdominal diaphragm - Pelvic/urogenital diaphragm

Question 37

What are the two effects produced by the diaphragms that cause lymph to move?

Answer 37

Pressure differentials and direct masage

Question 38

What are the three factors that ensure the the diaphragms move in unison?

Answer 38

- Neuro control - Fascial attachments - Pressure differentials

Question 39

According to Dr. Zink, the flow rate of lymph back to the heart is directly proportional to what

Answer 39

Rate of respiration | Quality of respiration

Question 40

What is the "heart" of the lymphatic system?

Answer 40

Thoracoabdominal diaphragm

Question 41

What is the effect of OMM on the lymphatic system?

Answer 41

- Removes restrictions | - Promotes and augments flow

Question 42

What are the steps of improving lymphatic flow?

Answer 42

- Assess for CCP - Bring back to CCP if not - Treat CCP

Question 43

What are the two types of cancer that most commonly use the lymphatic system to metastasize?

Answer 43

Melanomas | Carcinomas

Question 44

What are the three common reasons for reduced lymphatic return?

Answer 44

- Genetic defects - Filariasis - Surgery

Question 45

Decreased plasma protein levels does what to lymph return?

Answer 45

Decreased

Question 46

Increased interstitial protein levels does what to lymph return?

Answer 46

Decreased

Question 47

What are the three contraindications to lymphatic treatments?

Answer 47

- Osseous fractures - Bacterial infections with a temp greater than 102 - Certain carcinomas