Methods of preventing pregnancy and OCP

Question 1

Methods of preventing pregnancy

Answer 1

Barrier
Hormonal
IUD
Sterilization
abstinence

Question 2

Disadvantages of Condoms Usage

Answer 2

*Must be placed properly before genital contact
*Decreases Sensation
*May Rupture

Question 3

Benefits of combined OCP

Answer 3

Reduces risk of ovarian cancer (by 40-80%)
· Reduces risk of endometrial cancer (by 50%)
· Reduces risk of ectopic pregnancy (by 90%)
· Reduces risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
· Reduces menstrual disorders
· Reduces risk of benign breast disease
· Reduces acne
· Protects against bone mineral density loss
· Reduces development of colorectal cancer
· Reduces progression of rheumatoid arthritis

Question 4

combined OCP increases the risk of

Answer 4

thromboembolic
disease
myocardial infarction
Hemorrhagic stroke
gallbladder disease
cervical cancer

Question 5

contraindications to combined OCP

Answer 5

· Pregnancy
· Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
· Prior history of venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction or stroke
· Cigarette smokers over age 35 years
· Women at increased risk for cardiovascular sequelae, such as active lupus, uncontrolled
Diabetes(with vascular disease) , or hypertension, migraines with auras.
· Current or prior breast cancer
· Active liver disease

Question 6

When should OCP be stopped ?

Answer 6

1. Loss of vision, diplopia - Possible retinal artery thrombosis
2. Unilateral numbness, weakness - Possible stroke
3. Severe chest/neck pain - Possible MI
4. Slurring of speech - Possible stroke
5. Severe leg pain - Possible thrombophlebitis
6. Haemoptysis, acute shortness of breath - Possible PE
7. Hepatic mass - Possible hepatic neoplasm, adenoma

Question 7

Combination vaginal ring ( NuvaRing )

Answer 7

contains both an estrogen and a progestin.
* It is inserted into the vagina and then removed after 3
weeks for 1 week to allow for a withdrawal bleed.

Question 8

Transdermal skin patch (Ortho Evra

Answer 8

contains both an estrogen and a progestin.
* A patch is replaced every week for 3 weeks then
removed for 1 week to allow for a withdrawal bleed.
* Possible increased risk of thromboembolism events
compared to COC users.

Question 9

Estrogen side effects

Answer 9

*fluid retention from decreased sodium excretion
*healthy lipid profile changes (increased HDL, decreased
LDL)
*increased venous and arterial thrombosis. ( DVT, stroke)

Question 10

Progestin side effects

Answer 10

• mood changes and
  depression from
  decreased serotonin
  levels
• androgenic effects
  (e.g., weight gain,
  acne)
  *unhealthy lipid
  profile changes
  (decreased HDL,
  increased LDL).