Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology MB > Module 16: The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Module 16: The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

functions of respiratory system

A

continuous supply of oxygen for metabolic activities
Removal of CO2
Regulation of pH of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Processes of respiratory system

A

pulmonary ventilation
external respiration
transport of respiratory gases
internal respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

aka breathing in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

External respiration

A

exchange of gases between blood and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transport of respiratory gases

A

gases are transported in RBC and blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Internal respiration

A

exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structures of respiratory system (2 zones)

A 
conducting zone (macroscopic)
respiratory zone (microscopic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Conducting zone consists of

A 
passageways for the conduction of air
nose
pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
Trachea (windpipe)
Bronchi
Terminal bronchioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Functions of conducting zone - nose

A 
Provides airway for respiration
moistens and warms air
cleans and filters unwanted particles
aids in speech
provides a sight for the olfactory receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Parts of the nose:

A

External nares: Nostrils, anterior portion is vestibule
Nasal cavities: separated by nasal septum; 3 bony projections called conchae; sticky mucus traps foreign particles
Internal nares: opening between nose and throat
Paranasal sinuses: maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pharynx

A

aka throat

consists of nasopharynx (air), oropharynx and laryngopharynx(food and air)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Larynx

A

aka voice box
contains vocal cords
connects pharynx to trachea
epiglottis covers opening of larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trachea

A

aka windpipe
provides passageway for air to move in and out of lungs
Cleans warms and moistens incoming air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bronchi

A

Trachea branches into left bronchus and right bronchus which lead to each lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

provide the passageway into the respiratory zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Respiratory zone (microscopic)

A

respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

formed from branchings of the terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Alveolar ducts

A

respiratory bronchioles lead into ducts

Ducts lead into clusters of alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alveoli (air sacs)

A

provide surface area for exchange of gases

found in clusters called alveolar sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 types of cells in alveoli

A

Type I alveolar (simple squamous epithelium) provide site for gas exchange
Type II alveolar (septal cells) produce surfactant (compound that prevents alveoli from collapsing)
Macrophages (dust cells) clean up foreign material

21
Q

Structure of the lungs

A 
weigh 1kg
soft spongy and elastic
Take up all of thoracic cavity
Cone shaped
Each lung encased in pleura sac
base sits on diaphragm
22
Q

Hilus

A

area in each lung where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves and the bronchus enter and leave the lung

23
Q

lobes in lungs

A

right lung has 3 lobes (55% of gas exchange)

left lung has 2 lobes (45% of gas exchange)

24
Q

Lobes of lungs are divided into

A

bronchopulmonary segments

25
Q

Lobules

A

small macroscopic subdivisions of bronchopulmonary segments

26
Q

2 layers of pleura

A

visceral layer hugs lung surface

Parietal layer lines thoracic wall and upper surface of diaphragm

27
Q

During normal inhalation (inspiration)

A

thoracic volume increases

pressure in lungs decreases

28
Q

During normal exhalation (expiration)

A

pressure in lungs increases and forces air out of the lungs

Thoracic volume decreases

29
Q

Gas exchange in lungs

A

air inhaled
o2 from air diffuses from alveoli into capillaries
CO2 diffuses from capillaries into the alveoli
CO2 is exhaled

30
Q

Gas exchange in body cells

A

oxygen leaves capillary blood and diffuses into the cells where it can be used during cellular metabolism
Co2 diffuses into the capillary blood as metabolism occurs in the cell

31
Q

Transportation of oxygen

A

diffuses across alveoli into capillaries
O2 then dissolves in plasma
3% of O2 is transported as dissolved gas
97% of O2 is carried by Hb molecules

32
Q

Transport of CO2

A

diffuses from tissue cells into capillaries
7% dissolved in plasma
23% with Hb in RBC
70% as bicarbonate ions in plasma

33
Q

Medullary rhythmicity center

A 
sets basic pattern of respiration
inspiration lasts 2 seconds
expiration lasts 3 seconds
normally 12-20 breaths per min in adult
20-40 in children
34
Q

Chemical control of respiration

A

chemoreceptors are stimulated and relay messages to the brain
Central and peripheral

35
Q

Central chemoreceptors

A

found in CNS (in medulla)

sensitive to increases in CO2 and H+ levels

36
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors

A

found in PNS (walls of carotid arteries and in aorta)

Detect decreases in oxygen levels

37
Q

Factors that influence breathing

A 
yawning
sneezing
coughing
hiccupping
crying
laughing
38
Q

Bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchial tubes

coughing up sputum

39
Q

Laryngitis

A

inflammation of larynx

dry, sore throat with hoarse or no voice

40
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammation of lungs

inflamed lungs, high fever, cough, sputum with pus and blood

41
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of sinuses

inflammation of paranasal cavities, headaches, pain, pressure in the bones of the face

42
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx

sore throat and fever

43
Q

Bacterial diseases

A 
bronchitis
laryngitis
pneumonia
sinusitis
pharyngitis
44
Q

Viral diseases

A

influenza

common cold

45
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

A

aka Hyaline membrane disease (HMD)
most common cause of death in newborn
caused by deficient amount of surfactant
Difficulty breathing (exhausts the infant)

46
Q

Lung cancer

A

accounts for 30% of all cancer deaths
most patients die within one year of diagnosis
85-90% of lung cancers are due to cigarette smoke

47
Q

asthma

A

inflammatory disorder
narrowing of airways
coughing, difficulty breathing, wheezing

48
Q

Aging and the respiratory system

A

lung capacity decreases
lungs becomes less elastic (oxygen delivery to tissue cells is impaired)
Elderly more susceptible to diseases due to decreases activity of macrophages

Anatomy & Physiology MB (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions