Flashcards in Module 4: Tissues Deck (49)
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4 classifications of tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle
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Epithelial Tissue
AKA epithelium
Covers external surface of the body and lines internal cavities and forms glands
no nerve supply or blood supply
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Tight junctions/Desmosomes
eip's fit snugly together
very small amount of extracellular material between the narrow spaces of epi's
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Apical
Free or open surface of the epi
Most have microvilli on their surfaces (for better absorption or secretion)
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Basal Lamina
non cellular, thin supporting sheet at the bottom of the epic
provides selective barrier
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Shapes of Epi's
Squamous (thin, flat, nucleus shaped like disk)
Cuboidal (cube like, nucleus shaped like sphere)
Columnar (Tall and narrow, nucleus is long and narrow)
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Layers of Eips
Simple (one layer)
Stratified (2 or more layers)
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Simple squamous
lungs
for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
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simple cuboidal
kidney tubules
for absorption and secretion
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simple columnar
digestive tract
for absorption of nutrient and secretion of mucus
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Pseudostratified Columnar
trachea
For secretion of mucus
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Stratified squamous
epidermis of skin
for protection
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Stratified cuboidal
swear and mammary glands
for protection
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stratified columnar
pharynx and male urethra
protection and secretion
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Transitional Epis
Lining of urinary bladder
stretches in response to tension when urine fills the bladder
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Functions of Epithelial tissues
Protection
Sensory functions (receptors in epis in skin, nose, eyes, ears)
Secretion (glandular epis)
Absorption
Excretion (lining in kidneys filtrates urine)
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Exocrine Glands
Secret substances onto free surface via ducts
substances include digestive enzymes, mucus, saliva, perspiration, breast milk
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Endocrine Glands
Ductless, secret their substances directly onto surround tissues and blood
Substances include: hormones from pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands
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Connective tissue types (4)
cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bone, blood
has embryonic origin (mesenchyme)
has blood supply (vascular) except cartilage
Has an extracellular matrix
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Parts of connective tissue
Specialized cells (fibroblast, macrophage, plasma, mast cells)
Extracellular protein fibres (collagen, elastic)
Ground substance (liquid, gel-like or solid form)
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Collagen fibers
flexible and strong
found in bone and cartilage
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Elastic fibers
Made from elastin
not as strong as collagen (but can return to original shape)
found in skin, walls of blood vessels, lung tissue
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Reticular fibers
Made from collagen (but arranged differently)
thin but organized
found in soft organs such as glands and lymph nodes
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Classification fo connective tissue (5)
loose connective, dense connective, cartilage, bone, blood
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Loose connective tissue
loosely packed fibres
Subcategories: Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
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Areolar
Binds organs together giving strength, elasticity and support
most dispersed, found underneath tips, in cavities, between muscles
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Adipose
Provides protection, insulation, support and place to store energy
fat tissue found under the skin, around kidneys, within abdomen and kidneys
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Reticular
Defends the body by filtering out microorganisms and other substances
Network of branching fibres found in spleen, lymph noes, bone marrow
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Dense connective tissue
Densely packed fibers
Subcategories: dense regular
Dense irregular
elastic
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