Flashcards in Module 7: The Skeleton and Joints Deck (33)
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1
Axial Skeleton
80 Bones
Skull
Vertebrae
Ribs
Hyoid bone
Sternum
2
Appendicular Skeleton
126 Bones
Upper and lower extremities
Pelvic girdle
Pectoral girdle
3
Skull (cranial bones)
1 frontal (forehead)
2 parietal (top and sides of skull)
2 temporal (temple region)
1 occipital (rear of skull)
4
Skull (facial bones)
2 nasal
2 maxillae (upper lip)
1 mandible (jaw)
2 zygomatic (cheek bones)
5
Hyoid Bone
Only bone in body that does not join with any other bone
Purpose is to provide a movable base for the tongue
6
Ear Bones
2 malleus - hammer
2 incus - anvil
2 stapes - stirrup
7
Vertebrae
7 cervical (C1-C7)
12 Thoracic (T1-T12)
5 Lumbar (L1-L5)
5 fused sacral bones (sacrum)
4 fused coccygeal bones (coccyx/tailbone)
8
Sternum
consists of manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
9
Ribs
24 (12 pairs)
Each pair articulate with one of the 12 thoracic vertebrae
10
Pectoral Girdle (shoulder girdle)
Scapula and clavicle
Attaches upper extremities to axial skeleton
11
Pelvic Girdle (hip)
2 hipbones unite anteriorly at the pubic symphysis; and posteriorly at the sacrum
Hipbone formed of ilium, pubis and ischium
Provides strong and stable support for lower extremities
12
Upper extremities
Humerus (upper arm)
Radius (lower lateral arm)
Ulna (lower medial arm)
Carpals (8 wrist bones)
Metacarpals (5 hand bones)
Phalanges (14 fingers bones)
13
Lower extremities
Femur (upper leg bone)
Patella (kneecap)
Tibia (lower medial leg bone/shin)
Fibula (lower lateral leg bone)
Tarsals (7 ankle bones)
Metetarsals (5 foot bones)
Phalanges (14 toe bones)
14
Fibrous joints
Structural classification
Fibrous tissue
No joint cavity between bones
Suture Joints most common
Syndesmoses and gomphoses are 2 other types
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Cartilaginous Joints
Structural classification
Bones joined by cartilage
No joint cavity
Synchondroses and symphyses are 2 types
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Synovial joints
Structural classification
bones separated by a fluid-containing cavity
Most joints are this kind
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Synarthrosis
Functional classification of joints
Immovable joint
Held together by dense fibrous connective tissue
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Amphiarthrosis
Functional classification of joints
Slightly movable joint
Separated by cartilage
19
Diathrosis (synovial joints)
Functional classification of joints
Freely moveable joine
Most joints are this type
20
4 things synovial joints consist of
Articular cartilage (surface of each end of the joining bones)
Joint Capsule (fibrous connective tissue encloses the joint in a strong sleeve-like covering)
Synovial Membrane (line Inner surfaces of joint cavity, secretes synovial fluid into cavity)
Synovial Fluid (eases friction)
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Types of synovial joints (6)
Plane (wrist, ankle bones)
Hinge (elbow, fingers, toes)
Pivot (proximal radioulnar joints)
Condyloid (metacarpophalangeal joints/knuckles)
Saddle (carpometacarpal joint of thumb)
Ball and socket (shoulder, hip)
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Flexion
type of synovial joint movement
Bending of a joint that decreases the angle
23
Extension
type of synovial joint movement
Straightening of a joint that increases angle
24
Plantar flexion
type of synovial joint movement
Pointing your toe
25
Dorsiflexion
type of synovial joint movement
Lifting your foot towards your leg
26
Hyperextension
type of synovial joint movement
Overextending a joint beyond normal straightened position
27
Abduction
type of synovial joint movement
Movement away from midline of body
28
Adduction
type of synovial joint movement
Movement towards the midline of the body
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Inversion
type of synovial joint movement
Turning sole of foot inward so that it faces the opposite foot
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