Module 19: The Reproductive System

Question 1

Structures of male reproductive system

Answer 1

testes
epididymis
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
ejaculatory duct
prostate gland
bulbourethral gland
penis

Question 2

function of testes

Answer 2

descend into scrotum
divided into lobules
further divided into seminiferous tubules (sperm production)
Interstitial cells (leydig cells) produce testosterone

Question 3

function of epidiymis

Answer 3

coiled tube that collects sperm cells (sperm maturation)

Stores sperm for up to 2 months

Question 4

function of Vas Deferens

Answer 4

a direct continuation of the epididymis

3 layers of muscle in walls to move sperm during ejaculation

Question 5

function of seminal vesicles

Answer 5

hollow glands
ducts that join with each vas deferent
Product alkaline viscous secretion added to sperm to form semen to nourish sperm

Question 6

Function of ejaculatory ducts

Answer 6

formed by union of vas deferent and seminal vesicle ducts

open not the first part of the urethra

Question 7

function of prostate gland

Answer 7

surrounds urethra at points where ejaculatory ducts are formed
adds alkaline secretions to semen (help neutralize acidic vaginal fluid)

Question 8

Bulbourethral Glands (cowpers glands)

Answer 8

add alkaline secretions

Question 9

sperm pH

Answer 9

pH 7.5

Question 10

Male hormones

Answer 10

Testosterone
responsible for normal growth, development of sex organs, sperm production
Develops male secondary sex characteristics (voice change, beard, muscle)
Growth promoting effect

Question 11

Structures of female reproductive system

Answer 11

fimbriae
ovary
endometrium (of uterus)
cervix
fallopian tube
round ligament
myometrium (of uterus)
clitoris
vagina
labia
perimetrium (of uterus)

Question 12

Function of ovaries

Answer 12

contain immature ova
each ovum is enclosed in a follicle
secretes estrogens and progesterone

Question 13

Uterine (fallopian) tubes

Answer 13

carry ova from ovaries to uterus
moved along the tube by cilia lining the internal surface of the wall
funnel like end of uterine tube = infundibulum
finger like projections = finbriae

Question 14

Uterus

Answer 14

outermost perimetrium
middle myometrium
inner endometrium (consists of stratum baseless and stratum functionalis)

Question 15

Vagina

Answer 15

extends from cervix to outside of body

lined with mucous membrane

Question 16

Pathway of an ovum

Answer 16

fimbriae of fallopian tube sweep ovum into the tube
Propelled towards uterus
If fertilization has not taken place, the ovum is shed during next menstrual period

Question 17

Female hormones

Answer 17

estrogen
progesterone
human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 18

estrogen

Answer 18

produced by follicular cells
promote growth of female reproductive organs
induce ovulation
cause thickening of uterine lining
promote development of female secondary sex characteristics

Question 19

progesterone

Answer 19

secreted by mature follicle (called corpus luteum) after it has ruptured during ovulation
prepared lining of endometrium of uterus for implantation of fertilized ovum
inhibits ovulations during pregnancy
causes largement of mammary glands during pregnancy

Question 20

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Answer 20

secreted by cells that form outer layer of placenta

make sure corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone during first few months of pregnancy

Question 21

menstrual cycle

Answer 21

hormonal secretion and endometrial lining of uterus
28 days long
Ovulation and preparation of the endometrium for implantation should the ovum become fertilized

Question 22

Stages of menstrual cycle

Answer 22

menstrual phase
Proliferative phase (perovulatory)
secretory phase

Question 23

Menstrual phase

Answer 23

first 5 days
withdrawal of hormonal support from endometrium, lining is shel (period)
first day of menstruation = first day of new cycle

Question 24

Proliferative Phase

Answer 24

next 10 days
time between menstruation and ovulation
Several ova and surrounding follicles start to develop under influence of FSH; only one ovum and its follicle continue to grow
follicle secretes estrogen

Question 25

Secretory phase

Answer 25

day 15-28
called progestational phase
Ovulation occurs between proliferative and secretory phase
mature follicle ruptures and ovum are released to uterus
If fertilization does not occur, corpus luteum begins to degenerate

Question 26

menopause

Answer 26

end of child bearing years

menstruation has ceased for more than 1 year

Question 27

fertilization

Answer 27

union of gametes (sex cells)
union of ovum and sperm cell
each contain half # of chromosomes

Question 28

Gestation

Answer 28

length of time from conception to birth

about 280 days

Question 29

Parturition

Answer 29

act of giving birth

Question 30

Lactation

Answer 30

secretion and ejection of milk by mammary glands