Flashcards in Module 3: Cellular Level of Organization Deck (32):
1
Regions of a cell (3)
Plasma membrane (aka cell membrane)
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
2
Phospholipid bilayer
Phosphate heads, proteins, carbs and cholesterol molecules scattered within bilayer
Phosphate layer is hydrophilic
Phosphate "tails" are hydrophobic
3
Protein molecules
capable of moving from one side of membrane to the other
provide structural support
Provide channels for water and other substances to enter the cell
Act as receptors for hormones and enzymes
4
Carbohydrates
Glycoproteins (sugar "glycocalyx" and protein) act as identification markers
5
Cholesterol
20% of plasma membrane
Provides stiffness for membrane
6
Plasma Membrane
Composed of the phospholipid bilayer
Separates extracellular and intracellular material
Selective permeability
7
Cytoplasm
supports organelles and inclusions
8
Cytosol
fluid part of cytoplasm
9
Organelles
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Cytoskeleton
Centrosome and centrioles
Cilia
Flagella
Nucleus
10
Mitochondria
"power plant" of cell
Shaped like sausages
Convert energy in nutrients to ATP
Have their own DNA and RNA
11
Ribosomes
Synthesize proteins
Attached to endoplasmic reticulum or "free" in cytoplasm
12
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
Contains ribosomes
13
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesize steroids
No ribosomes
14
Golgi apparatus
"traffic director" of proteins
Looks like stack of plates
Packages protein for delivery inside or outside the cell
15
Lysosomes
"housekeepers" of the cell
Sacs that bud off golgi complex
Powerful enzymes "eat" worn out cell parts, dead cells, bacteria
16
Peroxisomes
Digest normal toxic by-products of cellular metabolism
17
Cytoskeleton
composed of proteins
provides intracellular shape and support
18
Centrioles
Pair of rod-shaped structures
Separate chromosomes during mitosis
19
Cilia
Hairs across cell membrane (outside of cell)
20
Flagella
Provides movement of an entire cell
21
Inclusions
non-functioning units that appear and disappear
-stored nutrients
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Nucleus
"captain of the ship"
Surrounded by double layer membrane (nuclear envelope) with pores
Filled with nucleoplasm that dissolves salts, nutrients, etc
Contains nucleolus
Stores genetic info
23
Nucleolus
Inside the nucleus, makes ribosomes and chromatin
24
Chromatin
a complex network of threads containing DNA
forms into chromosomes when a cell is about to divide
25
Passive transportation
no ATP required
includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis and filtration
26
Active transportation
ATP required
Includes active transport pumps, endocytosis and exocytosis
27
Endocytosis
Transporting bulk material into a cell
Particles surrounded by plasma membrane, sac is formed and then is pulled inside the cell
Includes: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis
28
Phagocytosis
"cell eating"
29
Pinocytosis
"cell drinking"
30
Receptor mediated endocytosis
specific membrane receptor binds with specific substance and then brought into cell
31
Exocytosis
Vesicles moved from Golgi apparatus into plasma membrane.
Vesicle membrane fuses with plasma membrane, then ruptures, letting go of the product to the outside of the cell
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