Musterbations Flashcards
Albert Ellis' Musterbations (11 cards)
What does Albert Ellis mean by ‘musterbation’?
Musterbation refers to irrational and rigid demands we place on ourselves, others, or the world using words like ‘must,’ ‘should,’ or ‘ought,’ which often lead to emotional distress.
What is the first core musterbation according to Albert Ellis?
‘I must do well and win the approval of others or else I am no good.’ This self-directed belief can lead to anxiety, depression, shame, and guilt.
What emotional outcomes can result from the belief ‘I must do well or I’m worthless’?
Anxiety, depression, shame, and guilt.
What is the second core musterbation Ellis described?
‘Other people must treat me fairly, kindly, and the way I want them to treat me.’ This belief is directed at others and can lead to anger and resentment.
What emotional reactions can the belief ‘Others must treat me well’ produce?
Anger, resentment, and vindictiveness.
What is the third core musterbation identified by Ellis?
‘Life must be easy, without discomfort or inconvenience.’ This belief is about the world and can lead to frustration and self-pity.
What kind of problems arise from the belief ‘Life must be easy’?
Frustration, procrastination, and feelings of helplessness or self-pity.
How does REBT suggest we respond to these irrational ‘must’ beliefs?
By disputing them and replacing them with rational alternatives that are flexible, realistic, and self-accepting.
What is a rational alternative to the belief ‘I must succeed or I’m a failure’?
‘I prefer to succeed, but I accept myself even if I fail.’
What is a rational alternative to the belief ‘Others must treat me well’?
‘I’d like people to treat me well, but I can’t control their behaviour, and I can handle it if they don’t.’
What is a rational alternative to the belief ‘Life must be easy’?
‘Life is often hard, but I can tolerate discomfort and still do what matters.’
