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Human Anatomy > Nervous System I > Flashcards

Nervous System I Flashcards

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1
Q

along with endocrine system is one of the body’s system of

A

integration and control

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2
Q

cells of the nervous system

A

neurons

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3
Q

function of neurons

A

function to transfer information and from periphery into central processing center

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4
Q

central processing center includes

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

central processing center function

A

interpret information and initiate appropriate response

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6
Q

nervous system general function

A

integration and control

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7
Q

integration and control involves

A

detection and processing of sensory information,
decision making/memory/emotion,
control and coordination of muscles and glands

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8
Q

nervous system is typically associated with what activities

A

rapid/short term

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9
Q

2 sections of the nervous system

A

CNS, PNS

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10
Q

CNS (central nervous system)

A

associated with the brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

A

provides sensory information to the central nervous system and carries out motor commands form the CNS

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12
Q

stimulus

A

change in external/internal environment; anything that causes action potential to occur

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13
Q

receptor

A

can detect change in environment

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14
Q

sensory neuron

A

where information from receptor are relayed to

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15
Q

CNS contains what neuron

A

relay neuron

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16
Q

relay neuron

A

interprets sensory information and coordinates appropriate response

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17
Q

afferent communication line components

A

stimulus > receptor > sensory neuron > CNS > relay neuron

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18
Q

efferent communication line components

A

CNS > motor neuron > effector > response

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19
Q

effector eg

A

muscle/gland

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20
Q

2 types of cells in neural tissue

A

neurons, neuroglia

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21
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells that are responsible for the transfer and processing of information in the nervous system

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22
Q

neurons consist of

A

soma, axon, dendrites

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23
Q

soma

A

cell body

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24
Q

axon

A

extension of cell membrane that allows them to send information; conducts the nerve impulse (action potential) toward the synapse where its giving that information to another cell or to an effector; transmission line for nerve impulses

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25
dendrites
extensions of the cell membrane that let them recieve information
26
what characteristic do neurons lose?
does not reproduce; not typical cell
27
neuroglia
supporting cells
28
what do neuroglia do?
protect/nourish neuron, help guide repair of neurons, may assist with transmission
29
are there more neurons or neuroglia?
neuroglia outnumber amount of neurons in nervous system
30
soma contains
nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleolus, nissl bodies, other organelles and inclusions
31
nucleolus
where ribosomes are assembled
32
nissl bodies
both fixed and free ribosomes
33
axon hillock
thickened region that tapers into the axon
34
axon terminal
where an axon can affect a muscle, gland, or another neuron
35
vesicles are filled with
neurotransmitters and can be secreted across synapse
36
synapse
anywhere that a neuron communicates with a receiving cell
37
3 types of synapses
synapse with another neuron, neuromuscular synapse/junction, neuroglandular synapse
38
synapse with another synapse
neuron sends a message to another neuron
39
neuroglandular synapse
neuron is stimulating gland cells
40
nerve impulse
action potential of a nerve
41
action potential is due to the exchange of
ions across the membrane
42
excitability
ability to conduct the impulse
43
threshold level
amount of stimuli required to create the action potential
44
3 anatomical divisions of neurons
bipolar, psuedounipolar, multipolar neuron
45
bipolar neuron
soma is between a long dendrite and a long axon
46
bipolar neurons are found in
retina, olfactory epithelium
47
pseudounipolar neuron
soma off to one side of axon; axon is uninterrupted
48
pseudounipolar neurons are common in
sensory/afferent divisions of the CNS
49
primary sensory neuron in PNS
pseudounipolar neuron
50
pseudounipolar neuron can send infromation from the
PNS to CNS
51
multipolar neurons
single axons and multiple dendrites
52
most common cell type in CNS
multipolar neuron
53
functional classifications of neurons
afferent, efferent, interneuron
54
afferent neuron
sends information from the PNS to CNS
55
efferent neuron
sends information from the CNS to PNS
56
sensory neuron classifications
afferent, pseudounipolar, bipolar neuron
57
interneuron
within CNS link between sensory and motor
58
relay neuron classifications
interneuron, multipolar neuron
59
motor neuron classifications
efferent, multipolar neuron
60
PNS neuroglial cells
schwann cells
61
schwann cells
glial cells of the PNS
62
schwann cells are responsible for
forming myelination around peripheral axons and they participate in repair process after injury
63
what do schwann cells wrap around?
axons in PNS
64
CNS neuroglial cells
oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
65
oligodendrocytes
myelinated axons within CNS; make myelin
66
oligodendrocytes provides
structural framework for CNS by tying axons together in sheath of myelin and insulates multiple neuron or group neurons together by function
67
what neuroglial cells are found in both gray and white matter?
oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia
68
astrocytes function
maintain the blood brain barrier, provide structural support, regulate ion/utrient/dissolved gas concentration, absorb/recycle neurotransmitters, form scar tissue after injury
69
astrocytes control the
chemical content of the interstitial environment within the CNS
70
astrocytes isolate
neurons from the general circulation of the blood
71
astrocytes wrap around
blood vessels; connecting neurons to the nutrient supply
72
microglia
phagocytic cells
73
microglia protect neuron by
removing cell debris, wastes, pathogens via phagocytosis
74
ependymal cells line
ventricle and central canal
75
ependymal cells assist in
producing, circulating, and monitoring CSF
76
CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
distillate blood; contains products that are present in blood (not RBC)
77
nervous tissue divided into
gray, white matter
78
gray matter
mostly cell bodies; some of the neurons, dendrites, nissl bodies
79
gray matter is the site of
integration; where messages are being received at dendrites and processed at the soma
80
white matter
axons of cells
81
white matter is the area of
information transmission
82
myelin
compound that forms sheath around axons
83
myelin sheath
sends electrical signals to various parts of the body
84
myelin is composed of
glial supporting cells that protect the axons
85
myelin lets nerve cells
transfer information more quickly and allows for more complex brain processes
86
myelination occurs in
CNS AND PNS
87
reasons not all axons are myelinated
not enough room, sometimes we need nerve impulses to travel slowly

Human Anatomy (24 decks)

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