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Human Anatomy > Nervous System II: PNS > Flashcards

Nervous System II: PNS Flashcards

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1
Q

CNS is responsible for

A

integrating, processing, coordinating sensory input and motor output

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2
Q

CNS is the seat of

A

intelligence, memory, learning, emotion

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3
Q

PNS provides

A

sensory information to the CNS and carries motor commands away from the CNS

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4
Q

divisions of the PNS

A

afferent, efferent division

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5
Q

afferent division

A

bringing sensory information to CNS

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6
Q

efferent division

A

carries motor commands to muscles and glands

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7
Q

gray matter in CNS is referred to as

A

neural cortex

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8
Q

gray matter on the brain is located at

A

surface

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9
Q

nucleu

A

gray matter on the surface of the brain

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10
Q

gray matter is abundant of what regions of the brain?

A

cerebellum, cerebrum, brainstem

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11
Q

in PNS gray matter is referred to as

A

ganglia

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12
Q

ganglia form roots of

A

spinal nerves

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13
Q

ganglia

A

collection of cell bodies in the PNS

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14
Q

white matter in spinal cord is organized into

A

tracts

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15
Q

tracts

A

bundles of CNS axons that share a common destination and origin

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16
Q

tracts can be

A

ascending (sensory) or descending (motor)

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17
Q

columns

A

tracts that form anatomically distinct mass

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18
Q

white matter in the spinal cord are located on the

A

outside

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19
Q

white matter in PNS is a

A

nerve

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20
Q

nerve

A

bundle of axons traveling together

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21
Q

spinal nerves in PNS carry

A

both sensory information to the CNS and motor information away form CNS

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22
Q

spinal cord recieves infromation from

A

spinal nerves

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23
Q

spinal cord can be responsible for motor output in the form of

A

reflexes

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24
Q

spinal cord extends to

A

L1/L2

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25
superficial anatomy of the spinal cord
cervical enlargement, lumbar enlargement, conus medullaris, cauda equina, filum terminale
26
cervical enlargement
thicker portion which allows spinal cord to supply nerves to upper limbs and shoulder
27
lumbar enlargement
thicker portion which allows spinal cord to supply nerves to lower limbs and pelvis
28
conus medullaries
tapered terminal end
29
cauda equina
long inferiorly extending dorsal and ventral roots
30
filum terminale
last strand of pia mater that provides longitudinal support to spinal cord
31
31 pairs of spinal nerves
C1-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5 spinal nerve
32
spinal cord is helping with
controlling spinal nerves, sending out motor information, receiving sensory information
33
meninges of spinal cord
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
34
pia mater
mesh work of elastic and collagen fibers
35
pia mater is tightly bound to
underlying nervous tissue
36
arachnoid mater histology
simple squamous epithelium
37
what connects the arachnoid mater to pia mater?
network of collagen and elastic fibers
38
subarachnoid space
underneath arachnoid mater and contains CSF
39
CSF acts as a
shock absorber and a diffusion medium for the spinal cord
40
dura mater contains
dense collagen fibers and has narrow subdural space that separates it from the arachnoid mater
41
epidural space
space between the dura mater and vertebral canal
42
epidural space contains
areolar CT, blood vessels, protective adipose
43
cross sectioning of the spinal cord at any level results in
total motor and sensory loss in regions inferior to the cut
44
paraplegia
transection between T1-L1
45
quadriplegia
transection in cervical region
46
spinal tap helps diagnose
disease of the CNS
47
where is the needle inserted during a spinal tap?
spinal canal in region of cauda equina; fluid is collected from subarachnoid space
48
gray matter in spinal cord is located at
center of spinal cord
49
gray matter in spinal cord is organized into
horns
50
horns
projections of gray matter towards the outer surface
51
gray horns
posterior, lateral, anterior gray horn
52
posterior gray horn contains
sensory nuclei
53
lateral gray horn contains
visceral motor nuclei
54
lateral gray horns are only located in
thoracic and lumbar segments
55
anterior gray horn contain
somatic motor nuclei
56
gray commissures
bridge around the central canal of the spinal cord
57
gray commissures cross the spinal cord
laterally
58
white matter columns of spinal cord
posterior, lateral, anterior white column
59
posterior white column is located between
posterior gray horns
60
lateral white column is located
between posterior and anterior white column
61
anterior white column is located
between the anterior gray horns and anterior commissure and the median fissure
62
columns can be divided into tracts based on
function
63
posterior white column contains
ascending tracts which provide sensation from the trunk and from the limbs
64
where does the shingles virus reside?
dorsal root ganglia and cranial nerves
65
endoneurium
CT that encloses the axons and myelin sheath
66
fascicle
axons wrapped in a bundle
67
perineurium
encloses bundle of fascicles making up one nerve
68
epineurium
what nerves are wrapped in; encloses nerve
69
dorsal roots
afferent and form a dorsal root ganglion
70
dorsal root ganglia
where cell bodies are (pseudounipolar)
71
dorsal ramus
innervate the muscles, joints, and skin of the back
72
ventral roots
efferent
73
ventral roots cell body are located in
gray matter of the spinal cord (do not contain ganglion)
74
ventral ramus
traveling to innervate the structures of the lateral anterior trunk of the limbs
75
spinal nerves merge to form
spinal nerve
76
both dorsal and ventral ramus have
sensory and motor axons traveling in them
77
communicating rami contain
axons of the sympathetic nervous system
78
communicating rami are present in
thoracic and superior lumbar vertebrae
79
peripheral nerve mnemonic
SAME DAVE: sensory afferent, motor efferent, dorsal afferent, ventral efferent

Human Anatomy (24 decks)

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