Nutritional Deficiency Diseases

Question 1

Organic substances essential for normal growth and activity of the body. Help enzymes to regulate metabolism (coenzymes).

Answer 1

Vitamins

Question 2

Disease due to lack of dietary or metabolic substance (hypovitaminosis or avitaminosis).

Answer 2

Deficiencies

Question 3

A poisonous substance of plant, animal, bacterial, or fungal origin.

Answer 3

Toxin

Question 4

Due to hypervitaminosis and is rare; usually occurs in association with food or dietary supplement faddism.

Answer 4

Toxicity

Question 5

Based upon exaggerated belief in beneficial effects of food or nutrition on health and disease.

Answer 5

Faddism

Question 6

A, D, E, K

stored in body fat > more difficult to deplete by dietary deficiency and may cause toxicity (hypervitaminosis).

Answer 6

Fat soluble vitamins

Question 7

B complex and C

Answer 7

Water soluble vitamins

Question 8

Obtained from carotene from foods and is manufactured in the liver.

Answer 8

Vitamin A

Question 9

Results in dry, flat epithelial cells that become hard leading to keratinization of conjunctiva (dry eye) and drying of mucous membranes of the respiratory, digestive (tooth defects), urinary, reproductive tracts > create risk of infection.

-night blindness, dry skin

Answer 9

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 10

Obtained from grains and rice, important for normal functions of the nervous and muscular systems.

Answer 10

Vitamin B complex

Question 11

A type of neuritis that is rare and occurs in chronic alcoholics. Due to Thiamine (B1) deficiency.

Answer 11

Beriberi

Question 12

A result of beriberi, disturbances in sensation and motion.

Answer 12

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 13

A result of beriberi, edema (wet form) and paralysis (dry form) and enlarged right side of the heart.

Answer 13

Cardiac failure

Question 14

A result of beriberi, muscle atrophy, CNS degeneration.

Answer 14

CNS symptoms

Question 15

Results in abnormal heart rate, damage to blood vessels. Predisposed by excessive use of alcohol.

Answer 15

Niacin (B3) deficiency

Question 16

Dietary lack of B3 and tryptophan (essential amino acids).

Answer 16

Pellagra

Question 17

The 4 Ds:

Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death

Answer 17

Symptoms of Pellagra

Question 18

Excess salvation, ulcerated intestine > loss of appetite > atrophy of organs and tissues > emaciation (anorexia, wasting).

Answer 18

Diarrhea

Question 19

Skin eruptions (sores), brown scaly skin, tongue and mouth are red and raw.

Answer 19

Dermatitis

Question 20

Nervous and mental changes, depression, insanity.

Answer 20

Dementia

Question 21

Important for energy metabolism. Deficiency results in cheilosis.

Answer 21

Riboflavin (B2)

Question 22

Sore, cracked and bleeding lips.

Answer 22

Cheilosis

Question 23

Important for cell division and CNS development.

Deficiency may result in anemia and increased risk of birth defects such as spina bifida.

Answer 23

Folic Acid (B9)

Question 24

Required for correct collagen synthesis obtained from some grains, citrus fruits, lean meats and tomatoes.

Answer 24

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Question 25

``` Decreased formation of collagen decreased absorption of iron increased infections (especially viral) may prevent progression of Alzheimer's disease by decreasing oxygen-free radicals that accelerate cell death scurvy ```

Answer 25

Vitamin C deficiency

Question 26

results in weakness, anemia, swollen and bleeding gums, foul breath, loose teeth, hemorrhage in nose and kidneys, susceptibility to infections, swollen legs

Answer 26

Scurvy (scorbutic)

Question 27

Condition in young children that causes poor appetite and poor growth and is reversible.

Answer 27

Infantile scurvy (Barlow's disease)

Question 28

Important in absorption of calcium from intestines, obtained from fish, butter, yeast, egg yolk, made in the body from cholecalciferol, converted in presence of U.V. light in skin.

Answer 28

Vitamin D

Question 29

Results in rickets (rachitis) in children due to decrease in absorption of calcium from intestines. - infants 6-18 months of age - in high risk groups (urban, African- American)

Answer 29

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 30

Deformities of long bones, skull, spine; bones are soft and unable to bear weight (bow legs), ankles and wrists thicken, thin skull with slow closure of fontanels, enlarged junction between ribs and sternum (pigeon chest), defective teeth, body soreness, night restlessness, fevers, night sweats, infections.

Answer 30

Rickets

Question 31

Increased blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia) causing arteriosclerosis, risk of kidney stones, decalcification of bones.

Answer 31

Vitamin D hypervitaminosis

Question 32

Prevents oxidation of cell membranes and DNA

Answer 32

Antioxidant

Question 33

Antioxidant, in wheat, cotton seeds, rice, grain, liver, lettuce. Deficiency- hemolysis of RBC

Answer 33

Vitamin E

Question 34

Important for blood clotting, obtained from green leafy vegetables, liver. Deficiency- bleeding due to decreased level of coagulation factors (prothrombin) > coagulation defects.

Answer 34

Vitamin K

Question 35

Enzymatic catalysts, transport molecules (hemoglobin transports oxygen), storage molecules, used in movement of muscles, mechanical support (collagen of skin and bone), antibodies (immune protection), cell growth and differentiation (hormones).

Answer 35

Proteins

Question 36

Occurs from starvation and low protein diet, results in gross loss of weight and atrophy of tissues, edema, reduction of lymphoid tissue > suppression of immunity, mental changes.

Answer 36

Protein deficiency

Question 37

Depravation of calories and proteins, muscle waste and aged wrinkled appearance. Does not affect viscera.

Answer 37

Marasmus

Question 38

Very low protein, some calories. Liver and viscera affected > low food absorption, hair (keratin) loses color, becomes sandy and reddish, skin (keratin) white from depigmentation, with lesions present.

Answer 38

Kwashiorkor

Question 39

Results in soft bones and teeth, irregular heartbeat, poor coagulation of blood.

Answer 39

Calcium deficiency

Question 40

Results in anemia, pale appearance, decreased enzyme activity, changes to fingernails and toes.

Answer 40

Iron deficiency

Question 41

From dehydration disorders (diarrhea, high fevers, vomiting) or steroid use (kidney problems, paralysis).

Answer 41

Potassium deficiency

Question 42

Can result in enlarged thyroid gland (goiter).

Answer 42

Iodine deficiency