Flashcards in Cellular Reaction to Injury Deck (69)
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1
oxygen deprivation (hypoxia), nutritional deficiencies, chemical agents (prescription drugs, air pollutants, alcohol, asbestos, pesticides), autoimmune diseases and infections, genetic defects, aging process (cellular senescence).
Etiology of Cellular Changes
2
Cellular Swelling
Degeneration
Infiltration
Necrosis
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Regeneration
Somatic Death
Cellular Changes
3
Passive (worsen) cell alteration that may result in:
cellular swelling
degeneration
infiltration
Regressive Cellular Changes
4
Increase in cell water content due to cell injury that allows intracellular sodium to rise.
- Entire organ or tissue experiences loss of color, cells that become distended.
Cellular Swelling
5
Loss of color.
Pallor
6
Cells become distended.
Turgor
7
The deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease resulting in appearance of substances within the cell that are not normally present.
Degeneration (intracellular)
8
Deposit of abnormal amounts of fat in cells; e.g. , heart, liver, kidneys.
This is due to malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, obesity, or starvation.
Fatty Degeneration
9
Deposit of amyloid (starch like protein) giving tissues waxy, translucent, hyaline appearance.
e.g., liver, kidneys, adrenal glands
This is due to diabetes mellitus, poisons, often secondary to chronic rheumatoid arthritis, carcinoma, tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, Hodgkin's disease.
Amyloid Degeneration
10
Jelly-like appearance of tissues.
E.g., lungs- anthracosis: lung dust disease due to inhalation of coal pigment.
Colloid degeneration
11
The process of seepage or diffusion into tissue of substances that are not ordinarily present; abnormal passing and deposit of substances in tissue.
Infiltration (intercellular)
12
Deposit of fat in tissues often due to poisons or diet, occurs mostly in the liver, kidneys, and heart.
Fatty Infiltration
13
Coloration caused by deposit, or lack, or colored material in the tissues (increase or decrease in pigment deposit).
Pigmentation infiltration
14
Pigment transmitted from outside the body.
Exogenous
15
Carotene in blood; resulting in discoloration of the liver and skin.
Carotenemia
16
Due to lead poisoning > discoloration to gums, damage to the brain and other internal organs.
Plumbism
17
Pigment present inside the body
changes in the retina of the eye
melanosis
albinism
jaundice (icterus= bile pigments)
Endogenous
18
Moles, melanomas, freckles
Melanosis
19
Calcium deposits (lime salts) in tissue, usually surrounded by bacteria, necrotic cells, mucous, foreign materials.
Calcification
20
Kidney stones
Renaliths (renal calculi)
21
Bladder stones
Vesical Calculi
22
Calcification in the intestines or appendix
Fecaliths
23
Calcification in the nose
Rhinoliths
24
Gallstones
Choleliths
25
Calcification in the lungs
Pneumoliths
26
Calcium deposits in the arteries
Arteriosclerosis
27
Stone baby, calcified fetus, usually in fallopian tubes.
Lithopedion
28
Primary chronic metabolic disorder (a common form of arthritis) associated with elevated blood uric acid level.
results in accumulation of uric acid and uric acid salts in joints (often the big toe), kidneys, external ear and eyelids.
Causes swelling, arthritic pain and deformed joints.
Gout
29
Cell degeneration that can lead to cell and tissue death without replacement.
Cellular Death
30
